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Profile image for Roger Lim

Roger Lim

Singapore

Sr. Director, Contractual Compliance, and Deputy Managing Director (MD), APAC

Staff
Profile image for Gustavo Lozano Ibarra

Gustavo Lozano Ibarra

United States of America

Senior Director, Technical Services

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Antonietta Mangiacotti

United States of America

Policy Research and Implementation Sr. Manager

Staff
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Brian Martin

United States of America

Sr. Lead Information Security Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Anand Mishra

Anand Mishra

United States of America

Director, Relationship & Delivery Management

Staff
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Chris Mondini

Belgium

VP, Stakeholder Engagement & Managing Director - Europe

Staff
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Grant Nakata

United States of America

Director, GDD Services

Staff
Profile image for Bob Ochieng

Bob Ochieng

Kenya

Sr. Director, New gTLD Subsequent Procedures

Staff
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Cassia Oliveira

United States of America

Director, Office of the CEO

Staff
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Krista Papac

United States of America

Complaints Officer

Staff
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Nathalie Peregrine

France

Community Operations Senior Manager

Staff
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Wendy Profit

United States of America

Board Operations Sr. Manager

Staff
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Erika Randall

United States of America

Deputy General Counsel

Staff
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Benedetta Rossi

France

Policy Development Support Director (GAC)

Staff
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Vivek Sengupta

United States of America

Sr. Director, Procurement

Staff
Profile image for Hope Shafer

Hope Shafer

United States of America

Business Operations Manager

Staff
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Maya Smundak

United States of America

Senior Language Expert - Head Interpreter

Staff
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Darrel Spearman

United States of America

Sr. Director, Administrative Services & Facilities

Staff
Profile image for Amy Stathos

Amy Stathos

United States of America

Deputy General Counsel

Staff
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Theresa Swinehart

United States of America

SVP, Global Domains & Strategy

Staff
Profile image for Liana Teo

Liana Teo

Singapore

Communications Senior Director, APAC

Staff
Profile image for Heidi Ullrich

Heidi Ullrich

United States of America

VP, Policy Development & At-Large Relations

Staff
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Maria Vilardo

France

Senior Language Expert - Head Interpreter

Staff
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Mary Wong

United States of America

Vice President, Strategic Policy Management

Staff
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Hilary Jin

United States of America

Project Manager I

Staff
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Joanna Choo

Singapore

Sr. HR Manager, Global Regions

Staff
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Vinciane Koenigsfeld

Luxembourg

VP, Board Operations

Staff
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Sarmad Hussain

Pakistan

Senior Director IDN and UA Programs

Staff
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Charmayne Adams

United States of America

Sr. Payroll Administrator

Staff
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Hina Sattar

United States of America

Global Support Associate Manager

Staff
Profile image for Valerie Heng

Valerie Heng

Singapore

GDD Accounts Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for Jeanette Caldera

Jeanette Caldera

United States of America

Director, Learning & Development and HR Operations

Staff
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Fabien Betremieux

United States of America

Policy Development Support Director (GAC)

Staff
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Stephanie Moench

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Global Support

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Profile image for Terri Agnew

Terri Agnew

United States of America

Policy Operations Senior Specialist (GNSO)

Staff
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Laena Rahim

Singapore

Associate General Counsel, APAC

Staff
Profile image for Adam Peake

Adam Peake

Netherlands

Civil Society Engagement Sr. Manager

Staff
Profile image for Rodrigo Saucedo Linares

Rodrigo Saucedo Linares

Plurinational State of Bolivia

Stakeholder Engagement Director, Andean Region and LAC Strategic Initiatives

Staff
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Julio Polito

Uruguay

Senior Graphic Designer

Staff
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Becky Nash

United States of America

VP, Planning

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Kathy Schnitt

United States of America

Policy Operations Specialist (SSAC)

Staff
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Edman Perez

United States of America

IT Business Analytics and Intranet Services Sr. Manager

Staff
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Adiel Akplogan

Canada

VP, Technical Engagement

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Eduardo Alvarez

United States of America

Director, Technical Services Operations

Staff
Profile image for Alain Durand

Alain Durand

France

Distinguished Technologist

Staff
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Amanda Fessenden

United States of America

VP, GDD Accounts and Services

Staff
Profile image for Mike Takahashi

Mike Takahashi

United States of America

Web Content Strategy Senior Director

Staff
Profile image for Seman Said

Seman Said

United States of America

Lead Software Engineer

Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."