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Profile image for Jennifer Bryce

Jennifer Bryce

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Sr. Manager, Projects and Programs

Profile image for Jessica Puccio

Jessica Puccio

United States of America

Associate Project Manager

Profile image for Jing Yang

Jing Yang

United States of America

Sr. Social Media Specialist

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Joke Braeken

Germany

Policy Support Director

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Jonathan Phillips

United States of America

Sr. Operations Coordinator

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Justin Ho

United States of America

New gTLD Program Senior Manager

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Kathryn Perry

United States of America

Regional Security Manager, North America (West) & Central America

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Lara Raynaud

United States of America

GDD Services Senior Manager

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Lauren Hejazi

United States of America

Legal Operations Program Manager

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Lawrence He

United States of America

Project Manager II

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Lee Drasin

United States of America

VP, Creative Services

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Leticia Castillo-Sojo

United States of America

VP, Contractual Compliance

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Lisa Carter

United States of America

Director, Strategic Initiatives

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Madeleine Werbelow

United States of America

Grant Program Senior Coordinator

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Margaret Benavides

United States of America

Planning Sr. Manager

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Michael Knigge

United States of America

Manager, Editorial

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Mukesh Chulani

Türkiye, Republic of

GDD Programs Senior Director

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Ozan Sahin

Türkiye, Republic of

Policy Development Support Manager

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Romulo Chacin

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Senior Specialist

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Sabrina Tanamal

United States of America

Sr. Manager, IANA Operations

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Salih Akkaya

Türkiye, Republic of

Senior Travel Services Planner

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Samaneh Tajalizadehkhoob

Netherlands

Senior Director, Security, Stability and Resiliency Research

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Selina Harrington

United States of America

Sr. Manager, IANA Operations

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Simay Guven

Türkiye, Republic of

Sr. Event Planner

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Siranush Vardanyan

United States of America

Fellowship Senior Program Manager

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Susan Eugenia

Singapore

Contractual Compliance Specialist

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Ted Bartles

United States of America

Senior Director, Event Design and Production

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Wesley Lin

United States of America

Operations Sr. Specialist

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Erick Weber

United States of America

OCTO Compliance Senior Director

Profile image for Kyle Dunst

Kyle Dunst

United States of America

Director, BOA

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Rob Gomez

United States of America

Vendor Management Manager

Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."