Business Strategy

“Loop engineering” is a hot buzzphrase after mentions of it by Boris Cherny (Claude Code’s creator) and Peter Steinberger (OpenClaw's creator) went viral on social media. Loops are now a key part of how we get AI agents to iterate at length to build software. In this letter, I’d like to share my 3 key loops, shown in the image below, for building 0-to-1 products. These loops guide not just how I build software, but also how I decide what software to build. Agentic coding loop: Given a product specification and optionally a set of evals (that is, a dataset against which to measure performance), we can have an AI agent write code, test its work, and keep iterating until the code is bug-free and meets its specification. This idea of closing the loop took off around the end of last year, and it has been a game changer in enabling coding agents to work longer productively without human intervention. For example, over the weekend, I was building an app for my daughter to practice typing, and my coding agent could easily work for around an hour, using a web browser to check what it had built multiple times before getting back to me, without needing my intervention. The engineering loop executes quickly. Every few minutes, the coding agent might build and test a new version of the software. I hear frequently from developers who are finding new ways to engineer more effective engineering loops. This is an active area of invention! Developer feedback loop: In this loop, a developer examines the current product and steers the coding agent to improve it. Last year, a lot of developers (including me) were acting as the QA (quality assurance) function for our coding agents, manually finding bugs and then asking the agent to fix them. But with coding agents much more able to test their own code, the amount of time we need to spend on this function has decreased significantly. This allows us to make higher-level product decisions, such as what key features to offer, where the UI needs improvement, and so on. The developer-feedback loop operates over time intervals between tens of minutes and hours — that's how frequently a developer might review a product and give feedback. In the case of the typing app, I changed my mind a few times about the visual design, what cat costumes she can unlock as she learns (she loves cats), and the user flow for a grown-up to log in and steer the child's learning experience. When a developer has a clear vision for what to build, it is still a lot of work to translate that vision into a specification for a coding agent to implement. Further, after the developer has seen an implementation, they might update (or perhaps clarify) the spec to steer it toward what they want. If you find that the system repeatedly runs into certain problems, building a set of evals for the agent becomes useful. [Truncated for length. Full text: https://lnkd.in/gKDQ6H9s]

A Brooklyn developer just leased 25% faster than 7 competing projects in a 3-block radius. Rents 10-20% above market. With 18 more lease-ups in the pipeline, many backed by institutional developers with bigger budgets and stronger brands. The edge wasn't location or capital, but a design-oriented focus on the drivers of real rent premiums. Fve lessons from Charney Companies' development at Union Channel in Brooklyn, New York: 1/ Unit mix. Pulled architectural plans for every competing project in the market. 3-bedrooms were 3% of supply but demand pointed to 14%. Union Channel tripled the market average. They were the first unit type to fully lease. 2/ Studios. Market average was 500 sqft at $3,500/month. Too much space, too much rent. Union Channel built 400 sqft studios — 20% smaller, 10% cheaper. Leased 50% faster than the rest of the building. 3/ Living rooms. Of every layout variable tested across hundreds of units, living room width was the single strongest predictor of rent per sqft. Every other layout decision was calibrated to protect it. 4/ Amenities. Conventional wisdom says more amenities = more value. The data says the opposite. Quality of select amenities beats breadth. Fitness center quality had the strongest correlation with rent per sqft. They hired a gym consultant instead of designing in-house. 5/ Marketing. 20% of leases came directly from social media — 4x the rate on prior projects. Strategy built around the neighborhood, not the building. Murals on construction fencing. 3,000 organic Instagram followers before opening. These five decisions account for 73% of the value created at Union Channel. All made before the building opened. The data exists in every market. Most developers just aren't looking. Full case study from Andrew Steiker-Epstein in this week's Thesis Driven newsletter. Link in comments.

People sometimes see Acumen raising large amounts of commercial capital and assume we no longer need philanthropy. No sooner had we announced $250M for our Hardest-to-Reach fund — to bring off-grid light and electricity to 70 million people across 17 of Africa’s most challenging markets — than some concluded Acumen must be set. In fact, the opposite is true. First, let me acknowledge how tough this fundraising environment is. I couldn’t be prouder of the team and partners who made our Hardest-to-Reach announcement possible after 2.5 years of relentless effort. And yet it’s worth underscoring: none of this would have been possible without philanthropy. Philanthropy is the first mover. It allows us to place early bets in fragile markets like Malawi and Benin, cover the development costs needed to structure and raise investment across the capital spectrum and provide the technical assistance that builds capacity. To put a finer point on it: of the nearly $250M raised for Hardest-to-Reach, more than $80M is philanthropic. That risk-taking anchor made it possible to prove new models — and ultimately unlock institutional investment. During Climate Week last month, I met philanthropists who see this as the time to pivot from grantmaking toward impact investing. While I understand the instinct, I want to offer a reframing: it’s not either/or. If you want your capital to have lasting impact, there may be no better use than catalytic philanthropy — especially when deployed through blended finance models like Hardest-to-Reach. Philanthropy cannot see itself at the margins. It is catalytic capital — risk-taking, patient, and unabashedly impact-first — creating the conditions for commercial capital to follow. And it's more important now than ever as traditional aid shrinks and many governments shift from grants to investment approaches. At Acumen, philanthropy from donors at all levels remains our bedrock. It enables us to reach the hardest-to-reach, build inclusive markets where none exist, and keep social impact at the center of everything we do. And because solving problems of poverty is Acumen’s mission, raising philanthropic capital will remain essential to our work.

The European Parliament has officially passed Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) legislation that fundamentally shifts the responsibility for textile waste management to fashion brands and retailers – with far-reaching global implications. This new law requires all producers, including e-commerce platforms, to cover the full cost of collecting, sorting, and recycling textiles, regardless of whether they are based within or outside the EU. The financial burden of Europe's textile waste now falls squarely on the brands that create it. What are the critical business implications? UNIVERSAL SCOPE: The legislation applies to all producers selling in the EU market, including those of clothing, accessories, footwear, home textiles, and curtains. No company is exempt based on location. FAST FASHION PENALTY: Member states must specifically address ultra-fast and fast fashion practices when determining EPR financial contributions, creating cost penalties for unsustainable business models. GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTION: As the world's largest textile importer, the EU's new rules will ripple across global supply chains, particularly impacting exporters from Bangladesh, Vietnam, China, and India who supply much of Europe's fast fashion. TIMELINE PRESSURE: Officially adopted September 2025, this creates immediate operational and financial planning requirements. COMPETITIVE RESHAPING: Brands and retailers will inevitably pass increased costs down their supply chains, fundamentally altering supplier relationships and pricing structures globally. What are the implications for various stakeholders? For CEOs and board members: This represents more than regulatory compliance – it's a complete business model transformation. Companies must now integrate end-of-life costs into product pricing, rethink supplier partnerships, and accelerate circular design strategies. For sustainability and decarbonisation executives: This creates unprecedented opportunities for circular economy solutions, sustainable material innovation, and traceability system development across global supply chains. Link: https://lnkd.in/dTyHtHuD #sustainablefashion #circulareconomy #textilwaste #epr #fashionindustry #sustainability #supplychainmanagement #fastfashion #environmentalregulation #businessstrategy #decarbonisation #textilerecycling #fashionceos #boardgovernance #climateaction #wastemanagement #producerresponsibility #fashionsustainability #textileindustry #greenbusiness

🗞️ A must-have for anyone teaching Russian disinformation tactics. A comprehensive yet highly pedagogical and illustrated catalogue of tactics with concrete examples. 👏🏼Well done @center for countering disinformation with the support of The European Union Advisory Mission Ukraine (#EUAM Ukraine) 🇪🇺 1️⃣ The first part is dedicated to the Mechanisms of destructive information influence: • Bots 🤖 • Fake accounts 🤳🏻 • Anonymous authority 👁️ • Appeal to authority 🔨 • Deepfakes 👾 • Potemkin villages 🤡 • Duplicating websites or accounts 👨🏻💻 • Framing 🖼️ • Information overload 🌧️ • Agenda-setting 📆 • Demonisation • Polarisation 🤯 • Confirmation bias 🧠 • Primacy effect 🪢 • Deceptive sources 🎭 • Information alibi 🥸 2️⃣ The second part offers an overview of the Tactics of destructive information influence. Particularly useful to identifies the perverse rhetorical tricks at play and counter them with the right arguments: • Clickbaiting • Rating • Information sandwich • Lost in translation • Presence effects • Contextomy • Gish gallop • Whataboutism • Conspiracy theories • Talking away • Mundanisation • Doublespeak • Sleeper effect • “Check it if you can” • False analogy • Trolling • False dilemma • Using jokes or memes • Stereotyping 3️⃣ The last part describes the various soft power tools weaponized to leverage influence : Soft power tools: Russia’s influence through… • films 🎦 • e-sports 🎮 • literature 📕 • music 🎶 • sports ⚽️ • churches ⛪️ • cultural centre networks 🤝🏻 • educational programmes and grants 🎓 • historical revisionism 🖊️ • loyal political structures🏰 👐🏻Many thanks to the authors for a reference document which deserves to be widely shared As someone who srudied humanities, I always longed for the ancient “class of rhetorics” which was, until the late 19th century, the penultimate year of secondary education in France before philosophy: students learned the full art of persuasion—finding ideas, structuring them, refining style, memorizing, and delivering speeches—through constant practice and study of classical models. The purpose was to train them in the art of eloquence—to speak and write clearly, elegantly, and persuasively. And to prepare future orators -lawyers, priests, politicians- as well as any educated citizen. Were this classical knowledge more widely shared today, we might be better equipped to resist the tactics outlined in part 2️⃣ as we would more spontaneously recognize the persuasion strategies used against us -even if they come in alluring video forms these days! - and be able to counter them with the tools of logic and structured argument.

"Is $20/month too much for our product?" Instead of guessing, we used the Van Westendorp method to find our pricing sweet spot. 4 questions revealed exactly what users would pay (and we haven't touched our pricing since). Here's the framework any founder can steal: 1. Send a survey to actual users, not prospects We surveyed people already using Gamma. They understood the real value of our product, not hypothetical value. Too many founders survey their waitlist or randomly select people who have never used their product. That's like asking someone who's never driven about car prices. 2. Ask these 4 specific questions - At what price would this be too expensive for you to consider it? - At what price is it expensive but still delivering value? - At what price does it feel like a bargain? - At what price is it so cheap you'd question if it's reliable? These create bookends for perceived value. You're mapping the entire spectrum of price psychology, not just asking "what would you pay?" 3. Plot the responses and find where the lines intersect Graph responses from lots of users. Where "too expensive" and "too cheap" lines cross: that's your acceptable range. Where "expensive but fair" meets "bargain": this is your optimal price point. 4. Test within the range, don't just pick the middle The intersection gives you a range, not a number. We ran pricing experiments within that range to see actual conversion rates. A survey shows willingness to pay; testing reveals actual behavior. 5. Lean towards generous (especially for product-led growth) We chose to be more generous with AI usage than our "optimal" price suggested. Word-of-mouth growth matters more than maximizing initial revenue. Not everything shows up in the numbers. 6. Lock it in and stop tinkering Once you find the sweet spot through data, stick with it. We haven't changed pricing in 2 years. Every month debating pricing is a month not improving product. Remember: pricing is a signal, not just a number (Image: First Principles)

The Sustainability Framework 🌍 This framework by Preferred by Nature provides a comprehensive snapshot of the key themes and operational areas that organizations must address to implement robust sustainability practices across sectors. It structures sustainability into four interconnected principles: responsible business conduct, human rights and well-being, environmental protection, and climate impact mitigation. The first principle emphasizes sound governance and responsible management practices. It includes secure land tenure, compliance with legal obligations, anti-corruption measures, responsible procurement, and infrastructure development that minimizes harm. These elements form the foundation for credibility and resilience in sustainability efforts. The second principle focuses on human rights, labor conditions, and community engagement. It outlines clear criteria to prevent forced labor, child labor, and discrimination, while promoting fair wages, occupational safety, and gender equality. It also recognizes the rights of Indigenous Peoples and calls for respect for cultural heritage and community wellbeing. Environmental protection is at the core of the third principle, with a strong focus on avoiding deforestation, preventing ecosystem degradation, and conserving biodiversity. The framework mandates the responsible use of chemicals, improved waste and pollution management, and efficient water and soil stewardship, aligning with international conservation standards. Animal welfare is also addressed within the environmental domain, establishing safeguards for animal health, nutrition, and natural behaviors. This criterion reinforces the framework’s integrated view of environmental and ethical performance in land-based production systems. Climate action is treated as a distinct principle, recognizing the urgency of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The framework calls for best practices in land use, material sourcing, and energy efficiency, while encouraging companies to align with sectoral emission targets and national climate policies. Adaptation to climate risks is also prioritized. Organizations are expected to assess climate vulnerabilities and implement proportional adaptation measures, particularly in high-risk contexts where social, economic, and environmental impacts are significant. The final climate-related criterion encourages ecosystem restoration and carbon removal where feasible. These actions are framed not only as mitigation strategies but as opportunities to enhance long-term ecological function and community resilience. Overall, the Preferred by Nature Sustainability Framework offers a technically sound and adaptable structure that integrates legal compliance, ethical standards, and environmental integrity. It serves as a practical reference for certification, due diligence, and investment alignment in sustainability-driven supply chains. #sustainability #sustainable #business #climatechange

Apartment operators are nervous. You can see it in the latest rent data. After six straight months of increased rent momentum nationally, year-over-year rent growth has backtracked a bit in each of the past two months -- coinciding with prime leasing season. Nationally, YoY effective rent growth eased from 1.05% in March to 0.74% in May. The modest backtracking comes DESPITE strong absorption, steady occupancy rates, and improved affordability (declining rent-to-income ratios). We talk a lot about weak consumer sentiment. But it's not just consumers. Sentiment is a powerful variable -- even if one hard to measure -- among operators setting rents. When operators are nervous, they'll likely sacrifice on rents (or ramp up concessions) to protect occupancy. It's happening most clearly in the high-supplied markets across the Sun Belt and Mountain regions, BUT we're also seeing stalled momentum in the lower-supplied Midwest and Coastal markets. So while it was the 40+ year high in supply that pushed rents down in the last two years (even amidst strong demand), it's not just about supply anymore. Washington, D.C., is a prime example of this trend. There's been a lot of nervousness about the D.C. market due to DOGE cuts and federal layoffs. And yet apartment occupancy rates have held strong, improving 50 bps since January and now topping 96%. Rent-to-income ratios among new lease signers (in professionally managed, market-rate apartments) have fallen to 23.1%, according to RealPage data. The REITs with D.C. exposure have all reported solid demand and healthy collections there, too. And yet: Rent growth in D.C. is backtracking more than most of the country. Year-over-year effective rent growth eased from 3.45% in March to 2.35% in May. In most lower-supplied Coastal and Midwest markets, we're seeing operators just hold steady on rents rather than continue the steady upward push we saw previously. And remember: This is the time of year we typically see rents accelerate. In the higher-supplied Mountain and Sun Belt markets, reduced effective rent momentum is primarily driven by increased concessions. Among stabilized apartments (non lease-ups) here utilizing concessions, the average discount increased from 8.9% of asking rent in March to 10.1% in May. That's more than one month "free" on a 12-month lease. Markets with the most deceleration in effective rent change over the past two months include a mix of lower-supply and higher-supply markets: Las Vegas, Riverside, Baltimore, Austin, Memphis, Milwaukee, Kansas City, Washington DC, Denver and Orlando. Markets immune to the trend (with continued momentum) include San Francisco, where sentiment was previously so low it could only go up. There's no other reasonable explanation for slowing rent momentum than nervous operators worried about weak consumer confidence and the parade of headlines warning of a potential recession. Where do rents go from here? Thoughts? #apartments #rents

"Why are you building from Kolkata?" - Wrong question. The right question is: "Why isn't everyone?" Last week, I sat with Vikram Gupta (Ex-Army Major, Founder of Flexi) and 12+ founders who chose Kolkata as their base. Not by accident. By design. Here's what the "smart money" in Bangalore doesn't want you to know: - While they burn ₹2L/month on office rent, Kolkata founders get premium space for ₹50K. - While they fight for overpriced talent, Kolkata has hungry, skilled professionals waiting. - While they chase the same 100 VCs, Kolkata founders bootstrap to profitability. The 3 insights that blew my mind: → Quality trumps location: Customers don't care about your office pin code when you deliver consistently. They care about results. → AI levels the playing field: These founders are using AI to leapfrog - customer support, hiring, product intelligence. Geography becomes irrelevant when your operations are smarter. → Strategic expansion wins: Half these founders are opening Bangalore offices next. Not to relocate - to dominate markets they're already winning from Kolkata. That building from Tier 2 cities is settling for less. Lower costs = longer runway = better decisions = sustainable growth. While Bangalore founders are on their 3rd funding round, Kolkata founders are hitting profitability. Geography isn't destiny. Capital efficiency is. Maybe we should stop asking founders to justify their location. And start asking why everyone's crowding into the same expensive cities. Which Tier 2 city will surprise us next?

Replenishment isn’t a side feature, it’s a force multiplier. This is a big mistake. We’ve seen replenishment flows outperform promos and win-back emails combined. They convert better every time with the right timing and zero customer effort. Brands overspend on ads to win new customers, then forget to win them again. They need to predict exactly when a customer needs to repurchase and trigger the message at the perfect moment. Not too soon, not too late. Just right. ++ 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗖𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗗𝗼𝗻’𝘁 𝗥𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿 – 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘁𝗼 𝗙𝗶𝘅 𝗜𝘁 ++  𝗧𝗵𝗲𝘆 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘁 ✅ Fix: Replenit’s AI triggers proactive reminders across channels exactly when customers are likely to run out, via the brand's own marketing automation vendors, without any migration. 𝗣𝗼𝗼𝗿 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 ✅ Fix: Multichannel orchestration (SMS, push, email) with personalized timing based on consumption behavior. 𝗡𝗼 𝗖𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗜𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 ✅ Fix: Smart upsell bundles, urgency messages (“running low?”), and loyalty integration improve reorder ROI.   • Food & Beverage, pet food and treats, wellness & beauty products hold the highest repeat purchase potential, being very high due to frequent, perishable-driven consumption patterns. • Online groceries and FMCG rank high in habitual/impulsive behavior, presenting a strong fit for mobile push and SMS-driven replenishment campaigns. Brands like Glosel turned a leaky bucket into a revenue engine with Replenit’s AI-powered multichannel replenishment flows. 🚀 53.75% more automation revenue 🛒 +28% higher AOV 📲 100% of the Multichannel approach, email, SMS & Push channel revenue -12X Higher Engagement Rate Why does it work? Because Replenit activates timely, no-effort reorders across email, SMS, push, and more. Most brands forget to remind customers. ++ 𝟯 𝗧𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗥𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗿𝘀 ++ 1️⃣ Make Replenishment an Always-On Growth Engine Don’t treat it as a postscript. Integrate replenishment flows as a core revenue pillar in your retention strategy. 2️⃣ Automate Across Channels With Smart Triggers Use AI-powered solutions to trigger SMS, email, and push notifications based on usage cycles, not guesswork. 3️⃣ Track and Optimize With First-Party Data Loops Leverage Replenit’s dashboards to identify top retention products, run experiments on timing, and iterate continuously. 𝗧𝗼 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄 ecommert® 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗷𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝟭𝟰,𝟮𝟬𝟬+ 𝗖𝗣𝗚, 𝗿𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗹, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗧𝗲𝗰𝗵 𝗲𝘅𝗲𝗰𝘂𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝗼 𝘀𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝘁® : 𝗖𝗣𝗚 𝗗𝗶𝗴𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗚𝗿𝗼𝘄𝘁𝗵 𝗻𝗲𝘄𝘀𝗹𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿. About ecommert We partner with CPG businesses and leading technology companies of all sizes to accelerate growth through AI-driven digital commerce solutions. #CPG #ecommerce #Replenishment #AI #FMCG