Wu Ming
Wu Ming | |
|---|---|
| Born | Roberto Bui, Giovanni Cattabriga, Federico Guglielmi |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Writing career | |
| Language | Italian |
| Genres | Historical novel, short story, essay |
| Notable works | Q, 54, Manituana |
Wu Ming (extended name: Wu Ming Foundation) is a collective of Italian writers founded in Bologna in January 2000 by the authors of the novel Q. The novel, published in Italian in 1999, was still signed Luther Blissett in adherence to the project of the same name (1994-1999). Unlike the "multiple-use name" Luther Blissett, the collective pseudonym "Wu Ming" indicates a specific group of authors.
The group's several novels and non-fiction books were translated in many languages. Some of them are seen as part of a body of literary works described as the New Italian Epic, a definition proposed by Wu Ming themselves in 2008, but later abandoned by the collective.[1][2][3]
The critical conversation around Wu Ming's books is robust in continental Europe and Latin America, where they are constantly published and reviewed. In the 2010s and 2020s especially Spain and Germany[4] became significant hubs for their later work, with publishers Anagrama and Assoziation A translating the novels L'armata dei sonnambuli and Ufo 78. In contrast, only their early works Q, 54, Manituana, and Altai were translated into English. The lack of English editions after Altai has made Wu Ming's later, most complex work less visible in the Anglosphere.
Meaning of the name
[edit]On its official self-presentation page the collective writes: "Why a name in Chinese? After a quarter of a century the reasons, whatever they were, no longer have much importance"[5], after which they refer to the meanings of the lemma 无名 in the Cambridge Chinese-English dictionary.
In Chinese, wu ming (traditional Chinese: 無名; simplified Chinese: 无名; pinyin: wúmíng) means "nameless", "anonymous". Initially, the collective's name contained a pun, because pronouncing the first syllable differently produces Chinese: 五名; pinyin: wǔ míng, which means "five names". Since 2008, Wu Ming has no longer been a quintet, so the wordplay has faded away.
Members and public personae
[edit]
The fact that Wu Ming means "nameless" has often generated misunderstandings about the supposed anonymity of its members, whose personal names are instead known and also reported on their official website, where they state:
«our legal names are not secret. It simply does not make sense to use them when writing about our books or referring to our work in various ways. In our literary and cultural activity, like so many before us, we adopt artistic names. In our case, they refer to the collective project (Wu Ming) and directly reflect our poetics.[6]».
Since 2015 the team has been composed of:
- Wu Ming 1 (Roberto Bui)
- Wu Ming 2 (Giovanni Cattabriga)
- Wu Ming 4 (Federico Guglielmi)
Each member has an individual pen name, a "solo" production, and an independent, recognizable, authorial "voice."
Former members of Wu Ming:
- Wu Ming 3 (Luca Di Meo, 1964-2023, left the collective in 2008)[7]
- Wu Ming 5 (Riccardo Pedrini, left the collective in 2015)
Appearances and policy on public image
[edit]The Wu Ming collective organizes presentation tours, musical readings, and meetings with readers, and its members often appear in public, but only in person, "in the flesh." They adopt a policy of not appearing in photos or videos. Their faces are not even available on their official website. For this reason, they ask readers not to post photos taken during presentations and readings on social media.
The group has explained this position many times. One the most in-depth discussions of it was in an interview with literary journalist Loredana Lipperini in June 2025:
«We care about appearing only in the flesh, which leads us to value as much as possible — and by any means necessary — moments of face-to-face meeting, physical participation, and sharing a place. Not a generic "space": a place, with its own history, its own meaning, its own affectivity and importance for people. If someone recognizes us on the street, it's not because they saw us in effigy, through electronic mediation: it means they experienced one of those concrete and tangible moments with us, and they did it physically, alongside other bodies.[8]»
The most recent recapitulation of this stance and its political importance for the collective can be found in a speech given in Bologna in 2025:
«In the early years of our career [...] there were far fewer cameras around. Today, they are ubiquitous; everyone has one on their phone. And what's more, the compulsion to take pictures or videos of anyone, anything, at any time and to instantly share those images—on social media, in chats, who knows where– has taken hold and overwhelmed any inhibition. Yet we stubbornly try to enforce our philosophy, and we almost always succeed. We are often asked: how do you do it? The answer is simple: we explain. We explain the value, even the political value, that this choice has for us. And people understand. They understand today more than ever before, and they will understand even more, because in an age where anyone's face can be used for any deepfake that an app like Sora can generate in a matter of seconds; in an age when our selfies are sold for billions and used to refine facial recognition and make killer drones more lethal… In such an age, not being photographed is at the same time an act of desertion and resistance. Or at least, of subtraction and friction.[9].»
Main collective works
[edit]The 2000s
[edit]54
[edit]54 is a complex novel about popular culture, the shattered dreams of the Italian Resistance, and the relationship between Europe and America.[10] Background research began in 1999, after the publication of the group's previous novel Q. Plots were outlined in the aftermath of the Kosovo war. Actual writing work ended ten days after 11 September, on the eve of the war in Afghanistan. These two wars are explicitly referred to in the novel's End Titles: "Begun in May 1999, during the Nato bombings of Belgrade. Delivered to the Italian publishers on September 21, 2001, awaiting the escalation". The events leading to (and following) 11 September are also allegorically described in the book's forenote.
54 was originally published in Italy in the springtime of 2002.
Manituana
[edit]Manituana was written in the 2003–07 period and published in Italy in 2007. It is set in the years 1775–1783 in New York's Mohawk Valley, Quebec and London (UK). Among the many real historical characters that populate the book, the most important ones are Joseph Brant, war chief of the Mohawk nation, and Molly Brant, a matron of the Wolf clan in the Iroquois Six Nations.
In the springtime of 2007, Manituana reached No. 4 in the Italian best-seller charts[11] The English translation was published in the UK and the US by Verso Books in the Fall of 2009.
Altai
[edit]In May 2009 Wu Ming announced that they had almost finished writing a new book, entitled Altai, set "in [their debut novel] Q's world and historical continuum".[12] Later on, they explained:
«We felt the urge to go back to the "crime scene" (our 1999 debut) after the collective lost a member, in the springtime of 2008. After months of crisis and conflict, we needed a new beginning. We needed a peculiar self-managed group therapy... Gert-from-the-Well appeared and told us: “I can help you, if you bring me back to life!”. And that’s what we did.»[13]
The novel, entitled Altai, is set in the late sixteenth century, during the conflict between Venice and the Ottoman Empire. It was published in Italy in 2009 [14][15] and subsequently translated into English, German, Spanish, Dutch, Catalan, Turkish and Greek[16].
In his review of Altai in the Los Angeles Review of Books[17], Michael Thomsen wrote that reading the novel
«is like watching a series of slides through a pinhole, each subsequent entry continuing the story of the last while simultaneously feeling like an entirely new composition. The story does not flow smoothly from chapter to chapter, but rather feels like something that exists outside of the book, and with each new entry adds only a partial view of one aspect, leaving out as much as it manages to include (...) One gets the sense this is not a novel concerned with literariness, but one that aspires to the creation of collective myths that are shared by people across time and culture. At times, it feels like a narrative cryptogram that promises to unlock some yet unseen truth in the reader's present conditions, which might leave them at the precipice of an irreversible act of rebellion.»
The 2010s
[edit]L'armata dei sonnambuli
[edit]L'armata dei sonnambuli (The Army of Sleepwalkers) was published in Italy in 2014[18] and subsequently translated into German, Spanish and Greek[19]. It is set in Paris and Auvergne during the phases of the French Revolution known as the Reign of Terror and the Thermidorian Reaction. The various subplots weave together the themes of mesmerism and mind control, the relationship between theatre and politics, and the use of masks in popular revolt[20].
This novel marked both the end of the first part of Wu Ming’s career, during which the collective devoted itself to stretching the conventions of historiographic metafiction, and the beginning of the second, which continues to this day, in which, as they write,
«we engage in new experiments. For instance, we seek an uncanny balance between a careful historical reconstruction and the exploration of fantastic dimensions, which for us include the visionary, the dreamlike, the psychedelic, the mythological, the supernatural... At the same time, geography has become increasingly important in our work, i.e. narrating territories, in a convergence of investigation, travel literature, local history, and critical intervention on environment and landscape[21].
Proletkult
[edit]Proletkult was published in Italy in 2018[22] and subsequently translated in French, Spanish, Catalan and Greek[23]. Set in Russia and Italy before and after the October Revolution, it focuses on the writer, scientist, and Marxist theorist Aleksandr Bogdanov, one of the main founders of the Proletkult – Пролетарские культурно-просветительные организации; transliterated: Proletarskie kul'turno-prosvetitel'nye organizacii, “Proletarian Cultural-Educational Organization” – as well as a pioneer of science fiction in the Russian language and author of the classic novel Red Star (Красная звезда).
The 2020s
[edit]Ufo 78
[edit]Ufo 78 was published in Italy in 2022[24] and subsequently translated into French, German, Spanish, Catalan and Greek[25]. Set in Italy in 1978, through the events and existential crises of many characters the novel tells the story of the fifty-five days of the Kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro by the Red Brigades and deals with the peculiar collective fascination with UFOs that spread through Italian society during those months.
In his review of Ufo 78 in La Lettura (the Corriere della Sera’s literary supplement), critic Daniele Giglioli listed the elements of Wu Ming’s poetics that can be found in the novel:
«A candid passion for countercultures, supported by a monstrous (...) erudition in the field. An open-minded attitude, as lively as it is thoughtful, toward that extraordinary treasure of the human mind that is legend—an attitude extending far beyond the opposition between believing and not believing. Compared with their early work, an increasingly clear stance in favor of those people who live on the margins of society without aspiring to occupy its center. A realism that is not "magical"—a much-abused term that should now be abandoned—but one open to surprise, to details that do not quite fit the picture, to trails that may not lead anywhere at all, and in any case not where you had intended to go. A fascination for coincidences that has successfully avoided the paranoia—paranoia is the true villain of the novel; this is important—which Surrealism and Situationism, despite all their lofty cultural defenses, became hopelessly mired in. An ability to grasp the connections between macrohistory and microhistory, honed to a fine point.[26]»
Relationships between collective and «solo» works
[edit]In 2024 Wu Ming 1 stated:
«For us there are no sharp boundaries between our collective books and our “solo” books. Indeed, we are using the adjective “solo” less and less, and will probably stop using it altogether. All the books, whether signed Wu Ming, Wu Ming 1, Wu Ming 2 or Wu Ming 4 or by one of us together with a co-author, still come out of our workshop, they are part of a single large body. And they are increasingly connected to each other by a network of reciprocal references.[27]»
«Solo» books have been used by Wu Ming as experimental testbeds for their collective fiction. Early collective novels like Q and 54 relied on traditional—though complex—plot-driven historical fiction. The solo experiments of the early 2010s shifted the collective's style toward polyphonic montages, where the stylistic texture of the book matters as much as the plot.
Wu Ming describe some of their books as UNOs, Unidentified Narrative Objects, meaning literary works that break boundaries not only between genres, but also between different text types. They are not just fiction, nor they are standard historical essays or journalistic longforms. Instead, they merge archival historical research, geographic, ethnographic and autoethnographic methods, and multiple literary techniques.
By writing «solo» works, individual members of Wu Ming can test these hybrid structures without the heavy logistical coordination required by multi-author texts. Solo writing allows each author to sharpen specific stylistic tools. Once a technique succeeds in a solo book, the collective adopts it on a grander scale. [28].
In 2012 and 2013, Wu Ming 2 published Timira and Wu Ming 1 published Point Lenana. These works directly enabled the structure of the collective's major 2014 novel, L'Armata dei Sonnambuli (The Army of Sleepwalkers). The collective imported the solo techniques of inserting raw historical documents, play-scripts, and multi-vocal non-fiction perspectives into an epic about the French Revolution. [29].
Another collective novel by Wu Ming that bears visible traces of the work carried out on the solo novels is Ufo 78, which Wu Ming describe as
«a novel that simulates an UNO written by an implied author [who is not us], about whom we are told nothing except that he or she investigates events from 1978 by working in archives, interviewing eyewitnesses, reconstructing scenes and dialogue wherever the sources fall silent, and occasionally inserting his or her own reflections.[30]»
Main «Solo» Works
[edit]The 2000s
[edit]Stella del mattino, by Wu Ming 4
[edit]Stella del mattino (Morning Star, 2008)[31] is a novel set in Oxford in 1919, shortly after the end of the First World War. The university welcomes a generation of young veterans who are trying to return to academic life while carrying the psychological scars of the trenches. Among them are J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, and Robert Graves, three future writers whose lives and imaginations have been profoundly shaped by the war. Their world is disrupted by the arrival of T. E. Lawrence—“Lawrence of Arabia”—who has returned to Oxford to write an account of his role in the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire. The novel alternates between Lawrence’s wartime experiences in the Middle East and the postwar lives of Tolkien, Lewis, and Graves. Stella del mattino was also published in French and Spanish[32]. An English translation by Salwa Khoddam is available on Wu Ming's official website[33].
The 2010s
[edit]Il sentiero degli dei, by Wu Ming 2
[edit]Il sentiero degli dei (The Path of Gods, 2010)[34] is a travel narrative and social investigation along the Via degli dei, the ancient route connecting Bologna and Florence through the Apennine mountains. Following the Via on foot, the author explores the relationship between people and territory, focusing on abandoned settlements, infrastructure, tourism, environmental transformation, and the memories embedded in the landscape. Wu Ming 2 connects the walking experience to broader questions about development, mobility, and the future of rural areas. Walking the route becomes a way of reading Italian history from the margins and of discovering how communities reinvent their relationship with the land. The book is credited with rediscovering the historic route, now traveled by thousands of walkers every year[35].
According to scholar Paolo Saporito, Il sentiero degli dei is evidence of a shift in Wu Ming's literary output,
«from the effort to imagine alternative subjectivities to the struggle to produce such subjectivities as part of a political praxis... Wu Ming’s literary works significantly contributed to their project by offering them and their readers the possibility to imagine an alternative. Wu Ming’s forms of expression actualised this alternative in terms of sustainable dialogic relationalities, post-anthropocentric standpoints, reactions to networks of machinic enslavement and embodied encounters with the world. These actualisations produced knowledge and fostered cognitive experiences that... are there to be embodied and enacted. This enactment, as Wu Ming 2’s definition of the path indicate, will entail the coordination of a complex assemblage of (non)human agencies—indeed the creation of alternative material, discursive, human, nonhuman, online, offline machinic networks that are ready to fight against the neoliberal apparatuses of social subjection and machinic enslavement.» [36].
Timira, by Wu Ming 2 and Antar Mohamed Marincola
[edit]Timira (2012)[37] is a hybrid novel that combines biography, fiction, and historical research. It tells the life story of Isabella Marincola, an Italian-Somali woman born in colonial Somalia and later raised in Italy during the fascist dictatorship. Isabella became a model and an actress, appearing also in Giuseppe De Santis' neorealist classic Bitter Rice (1949), then went back to Somalia. Her personal journey across continents and decades touches on fascism, colonialism, migration, racism, political activism, and the search for identity. Through Isabella’s memories and with the help of her son Antar, Wu Ming 2 reconstructs both an individual life and a largely forgotten chapter of Italian history[38]. Her experience challenges conventional ideas of national belonging: she is connected to Italy and Somalia, yet never fully accepted by either society. Blending documentary evidence with imaginative reconstruction, the narrative also explores the silences surrounding Italy’s colonial past and the ways in which those silences affect later generations. Timira has been translated into English by David Ward and published in the United States[39].
Point Lenana, by Wu Ming 1 and Roberto Santachiara
[edit]Wu Ming 1 described Timira and Point Lenana as "two heterozygotic twins"[40]. Point Lenana (2013)[41] is a hybrid work of history, biography, travel writing, and political investigation. At its centre is the story of Felice Benuzzi, an Italian prisoner of war in Kenya during the Second World War who escaped from a British camp with two fellow officers to climb Mount Kenya. Their ascent, later recounted in Benuzzi’s memoir No Picnic on Mount Kenya, becomes the starting point for a broader exploration of Italy’s colonial past[42][43]. Moving between the mountain, wartime archives, personal testimonies, and the history of Italian East Africa, the book examines how adventure narratives conceal or reshape colonial violence. It also follows the afterlives of fascism and the construction of Italian national memory.
Un viaggio che non promettiamo breve, by Wu Ming 1
[edit]Un viaggio che non promettiamo breve (We Don't Promise this Trip Will Be Short, 2016)[44] is a narrative history of the "No TAV" movement opposing the project of a new Turin-Lyon high speed railway in Italy’s Susa Valley. The book traces more than two decades of grassroots mobilization, focusing on the communities, activists, local administrators, and residents who resisted the project. The book combines investigative journalism, interviews, archival material, and participant observation to follow demonstrations, assemblies, legal battles, police repression, internal debates, and the development of a shared political identity. Rather than presenting the movement as a simple protest against a railway line, the author reconstructs its history as a complex struggle over territory, democracy, environmental protection, public spending, and the right of local communities to participate in decisions affecting their future[45][46]. In the book in which he analyses the militant practices and discursive strategies of Wu Ming, scholar Paolo Saporito wrote that:
«the boldest and most innovative move by Wu Ming 1, as he sets out to account for the complex set of material and discursive agencies at work in the TAV project in the Susa valley, is to draw on Howard Phillips Lovecraft’s horror stories and invent a lugubrious creature: the Entity. This Entity incorporates institutional powers, discourses, communication networks, human bodies, opinions, private interests, capitals, instruments and ideas that defend the construction of the railway. The manifestations of this Entity in the text are multiple, ramified, at times identifiable with a character, at others more similar to a standpoint or a presence that hunts the environment. This diversity is the result of Wu Ming 1’s struggle to find the most effective forms to give literary expression to this complex phenomenon. The narrative of this struggle is part of the book and is presented as a constant, ongoing creative process that informs the representation of the Entity.»[47]
La macchina del vento, by Wu Ming 1
[edit]La macchina del vento (The Wind Machine, 2019)[48] is a novel set in Ventotene in 1939, when the island served as a place of confinement for opponents of the Fascist regime. The main character is Erminio Squarzanti, a young socialist and former student of classical literature who is struggling with isolation and the restrictions imposed on the prisoners. One day he meets Giacomo Pontecorboli, a Roman physicist and former student of Enrico Fermi, who arrived on the island carrying a secret about the disappearance of physicist Ettore Majorana. As Italy enters the Second World War, Giacomo begins investigating the strange phenomena surrounding Ventotene: its unusual winds, the irregularities of the island’s clock, and the possibility that the island itself may somehow anticipate the future. The plot unfolds alongside the stories of historical figures of Italian antifascism such as Sandro Pertini, Altiero Spinelli, Eugenio Colorni, and Umberto Terracini[49][50].
The 2020s
[edit]La Q di Qomplotto, by Wu Ming 1
[edit]La Q di Qomplotto (Q for Qonspiracy, 2021)[51] is a hybrid work of investigative reportage, cultural analysis, autobiography, philosophical dialogue, and literary experimentation. It begins with the emergence of QAnon in 2017, when an anonymous figure known as “Q” started publishing cryptic messages on the 4chan imageboard. Around these posts grew a vast conspiracy movement claiming that the world was controlled by a satanic, child-abusing “Cabal” and that Donald Trump was secretly fighting it. Wu Ming 1 reconstructs QAnon’s development in the US and Europe, focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 U.S. election, and the January 6, 2021 US Capitol Attack. At the same time, the author places contemporary conspiracy fantasies within a longer history of antisemitic myths, moral panics, and popular culture. Rather than simply debunking false beliefs, the book asks why such narratives become persuasive and what social, emotional, and political needs they satisfy. Dissatisfied with the concepts commonly used in the debate on these narratives, Wu Ming 1 coins and uses new ones[52], and argues that conspiracy fantasies can appear rebellious while ultimately defending the capitalist status quo[53]. The second part of the book is written as a philosophical novel and adopts the setting, characters, and some of the stylistic choices of Umberto Eco's Foucault's Pendulum. La Q di Qomplotto was also published in French in 2022[54][55].
Gli uomini pesce, by Wu Ming 1
[edit]Gli uomini pesce (The Fishmen, 2024)[56][57] is a novel set in the Po Delta across three different temporal planes, spanning nearly a century of history (from 1923 to 2022) and explicitly linked to the collective novel Ufo 78. In 1944, during the Resistance, partisans Ilario Nevi and Erminio Squarzanti (formerly the protagonist and narrator in La macchina del vento) encounter a disturbing local legend about the “fish-men,” mysterious creatures said to inhabit the waters and marshes around the river. Their experience leaves a lasting mark on both men. In the summer of 2022, the Po is suffering from an unprecedented heat wave and drought. After the death of her great-uncle Ilario, Antonia Nevi, a geographer, inherits a house in the Delta and discovers an unpublished memoir concerning the events of 1944–45. Determined to understand Ilario’s past and his true identity, she begins an investigation that leads through forgotten episodes of the Resistance, environmental struggles, political violence, and the transformations of the Delta’s landscape. Gli uomini pesce has been acclaimed as marking the emergence of a distinctly Italian strain of climate fiction[58][59][60].
La vera storia della Banda Hood, by Wu Ming 4
[edit]La vera storia della banda Hood (The True Story of the Hood Band, 2025)[61] reimagines the origins of the Robin Hood legend in medieval England. Set against the background of the Third Crusade and the political struggle between Richard the Lionheart and his brother John, the novel presents a world marked by poverty, violence, social inequality, and the constant fight for survival. At the heart of the story is a group of young outlaws living in Sherwood Forest, a small community of dispossessed children who hunt, raid, and depend on one another to survive. The novel deliberately overturns familiar versions of the myth: there is no single hero called Robin, Little John takes on a central role, and the forest itself becomes an active, mysterious presence inhabited by popular beliefs, trolls, fairies, and other creatures[62].
Mensaleri, by Wu Ming 2
[edit]Mensaleri (2025)[63] is a novel set in an imaginary corner of Italy, blending historical fiction, working-class epic, and magical elements. In 1868, the entrepreneur Nazzaro Mensa buys the island of Parpai, on the Leri River, and builds a large paper mill. Across the river he establishes Mensaleri, a model workers’ village designed according to his paternalistic vision. Over more than a century, the village witnesses industrial growth, social experiments, workers’ struggles, rebellions, and a secret ritual linked to a mysterious massacre of butterflies. By 1995 the factory has changed hands repeatedly and is being abandoned by the banks. Riniero, the founder’s descendant, then proposes an ambitious plan to regenerate the industrial site. As a theatre group attempts to bring Mensaleri’s history to the stage, old conflicts and hidden forces resurface[64].
Cinema
[edit]Radio Alice / Working Slowly
[edit]Wu Ming co-wrote the screenplay of the Italian film Lavorare con lentezza, directed by Guido Chiesa, released in Italy in 2004.[65] The original title means "Working slowly" and cites a protest song, a popular leftist anthem in the 1970s.[66]
The film is set during a student uprising that paralysed Bologna for several days in March 1977. Several narrative threads are woven around Radio Alice, the station run by the "creative wing" (the so-called "Mao-Dadaists") of the radical Autonomia movement. In the morning of 11 March a brawl involving radical and catholic students escalated to a full-scale riot in the university district. The Carabinieri riot squad attacked and shot down a 25-year-old student called Francesco Lorusso. As a result, thousands of students and activists stormed the centre of the town, clashing with the police and throwing molotov cocktails. On 13 March the premises of Radio Alice were invaded and vandalised by the police, the station was shut down and every member of the staff was arrested. The film tells the story mixing real anecdotes with semi-fictional characters.
Radio Alice has won several awards and prizes at movie festivals all over Europe, including the Marcello Mastroianni Award for the Best Young Actors at the 2004 Venice Film Festival and the First Prize at the 2005 Festival de Cinema Politic in Barcelona, Spain.
Once More Unto the Breach
[edit]Once More Unto the Breach (Italian: Il varco, lit. 'The Gate') is a fiction film directed by Federico Ferrone and Michele Manzolini, based on a script co-authored by Wu Ming 2. It was created with archive materials shot during World War II. The film's premiere took place during the 76th Venice Film Festival. In 2020, the film editor Maria Fantastica Valmori won the award for best editing at the European Film Awards.[67]
A Noi Rimane Il Mondo
[edit]A Noi Rimane Il Mondo. Sui Sentieri della Wu Ming Foundation (We Still Have the World: On the Paths of the Wu Ming Foundation) is a documentary centred on Wu Ming. Directed by Armin Ferrari and released in 2022, the film explores several extra-literary repercussions and creative ramifications of Wu Ming's literary work. Through interconnected stories, the film weaves together multiple projects—including explorations of landscape, toponymy, ecology, the legacies of Italian colonialism, and the practice of collective walking—while examining various initiatives that orbit around Wu Ming, from efforts to decolonize mainstream Italian narratives to dismantling historical misinformation and critiquing patriarchal mythologies on mountains and mountaneering. The voiceovers from all three current Wu Ming members provide counterpoint and commentary to the scenes[68].
Bibliography
[edit]Fiction written by the whole collective
[edit]Novels
[edit]Novellas
[edit]- Previsioni del tempo (2008)
Collections of short stories
[edit]- Anatra all'arancia meccanica (2011)
- Cantalamappa (2015)
- L'invisibile ovunque (2015)
- Il ritorno dei Cantalamappa (2017)
Non-fiction written by the whole collective
[edit]- Esta revolución no tiene rostro (2002)
- Giap! (2003)
- Grand River: A Journey (2008)
- New Italian Epic (2009)
«Solo» Works
[edit]Wu Ming 1
[edit]- New Thing (2004)
- Point Lenana (with Roberto Santachiara, 2013)
- Un viaggio che non promettiamo breve (2016)
- La macchina del vento (2019)
- La Q di Qomplotto (2021)
- Gli uomini pesce (2024)
Wu Ming 2
[edit]- Guerra agli umani (2004)
- Il sentiero degli dei (2010)
- Timira (with Antar Mohamed Marincola, 2012)
- Il sentiero luminoso (2014)
- La battaglia della merda (2020)
- Mensaleri (2025)
Wu Ming 4
[edit]- Stella del mattino (2008)
- L'eroe imperfetto (2010)
- Il piccolo regno (2016)
- La vera storia della Banda Hood (2024)
- Il calcio del figlio (2025)
- Ritorno a Deià (2026)
Wu Ming 5
[edit]- Havana Glam (2001)
- Free Karma Food (2006)
References
[edit]- ↑ "We're Going To Have To Be The Parents": A Reflection on the New Italian Epic", opening talk at the conference The Italian Perspective on Metahistorical Fiction: The New Italian Epic, IGRS, University of London, 2 October 2008. Text and audio.
- ↑ See S. Brioni, “Postcolonialismo, subalternità e New Italian Epic: Intervista con Wu Ming 1”, in Subalternità italiane. Percorsi di ricerca tra letteratura e storia, ed. by Valeria Deplano, Lorenzo Mari, and Gabriele Proglio (Roma: Aracne, 2014), pp. 275-290.
- ↑ Ming, Wu (18 November 2024). "Quinto tipo, un requiem (e autocritica sugli oggetti narrativi non-identificati)". Giap (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2026.
- ↑ In 2024 the collective was a special guest at the Berlin International Literature Festival"Wu Ming: »UFO 78« and the Art of Collective Writing". international literature festival berlin. Retrieved 5 September 2026.
- ↑ "About Wu Ming", biographical page on Wu Ming's website. Retrieved 26 August 2026
- ↑ About Wu Ming, cit.]
- ↑ On 16 September 2008, the group announced Luca Di Meo’s departure from the collective, which had taken place the previous spring, cf. “A dispatch with an open heart and a soul beyond the flames,” in Giap no. 1, ninth series, September 2008. Despite this, in the period 2011–2019 Di Meo sometimes associated himself with initiatives and events of the collective, and on those occasions he returned to using the pseudonym “Wu Ming 3.” On 31 July 2023, Wu Ming announced Di Meo’s death, which had occurred the day before “in his apartment in Bologna, nine days after turning 59, fifteen years after leaving Wu Ming, four years after our last event together, almost six months after the last chemo session, because it was no longer of any use. Painkillers, and away you go”, Cf. Wu Ming (31 July 2023). "On the Death of Luca di Meo, formerly Luther Blissett, formerly Wu Ming 3 (1964-2023)". Giap. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ↑ Loredana Lipperini. "Come salvare l'editoria italiana? Wu Ming 1 ha un'idea". lucysullacultura.com. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
- ↑ Wu Ming (12 January 2025). "L'Officina Roversi di Bologna ci ha assegnato la Targa Anser Anser 2025". wumingfoundation.com. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
- ↑ Detailed review from the Soundtracks for Them e-zine
- ↑ Reported on Italian daily paper La Stampa on 7 April 2007, article included by Wu Ming on their website.
- ↑ "Never Say Never Again. Autumn 2009, Back to Q" Archived 7 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Wu Ming Foundation Blog, 12 May 2009.
- ↑ "Doctor kindly tell your wife that we're alive" Archived 7 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Wu Ming Foundation Blog, July 30, 2009.
- ↑ "Altai's first week: straight to the 5th place", wumingfoundation.com, 28 November 2009.
- ↑ "Interview with Wu Ming in Bologna by Stewart Home". InEnArt. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
- ↑ Wu Ming, Αλτάι, ΕΞΑΡΧΕΙΑ, Athens 2011, ISBN 978-960-98834-8-1; Altai, Verso, London 2013, ISBN 978-1-78168-076-6; Altay, Geoturka, Istanbul 2014, ISBN 978-605-86417-8-5; Altai, Assoziation A, Berlin/Hamburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-86241-494-9; Altái, FCE, Ciudad de México 2023, ISBN 978-607-16-7770-9; Altaj, Leesmagazijn, Amsterdam 2016, ISBN 978-94-91717-32-1; Altai, Tigre de Paper, Barcelona 2019, ISBN 978-84-16855-38-4.
- ↑ "The War for Pieces: Wu Ming's "Altai"". Los Angeles Review of Books. 3 August 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2026.
- ↑ "L'Armata dei Sonnambuli, Wu Ming. Giulio Einaudi editore - Super ET". Einaudi (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2026.
- ↑ Wu Ming, H Στρατιά των υπνοβατών, Εξάρχεια, Atene 2016, pp. 832, ISBN 978-618-5128-17-3; El Ejército de los Sonámbulos, Anagrama, Barcelona 2017, pp. 584, ISBN 978-84-339-7989-6; Die Armee der Schlafwandler, Assoziation A, Berlino/Amburgo 2020, pp. 672, ISBN 978-3-86241-474-1
- ↑ Saporito, Paolo (2024). Wu Ming’s Transmedia Activism: Ethical and Political Challenges to Neoliberalism. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 97. ISBN 978-3-031-57887-8.
the novel is divided into multiple narratives built around five main characters. These include the reactionary chevalier d'Yvers (initially concealed behind the nickname Laplace), the knitter Marie Nozière, the hypnotist Orphée D'Amblanc, the Italian actor Léo Modonesi and, finally, a collective character that can be identified as the multitude of sans-culottes living in the faubourg St. Antoine. The structure of the novel is divided into acts and scenes, as if the spectacle of the Revolution were represented in a theatre. The Revolution is a stage where revolutionary, reformist and reactionary forces are at play. The sans-culottes, Marie, Léo and D'Amblanc try to hinder the Thermidorian involution and fight against an army of mesmerised sleepwalkers controlled by the chevalier d'Yvers. In this theatrical context, a first-person plural narrator lends its voice to the multitude of the sans-culottes and... speaks for this collective subjectivity.
- ↑ "About Wu Ming", biographical page on Wu Ming's website. Retrieved 26 August 2026”
- ↑ "Proletkult, Wu Ming. Giulio Einaudi editore - Super ET". Einaudi (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2026.
- ↑ Wu Ming, Proletkult, Tigre de Paper, Barcelona 2002 (Catalan), ISBN 978-84-16855-70-4; Proletkult, Anagrama, Barcelona 2020 (Spanish), ISBN 978-84-339-8067-0; Proletkult, Métailié, Parigi 2022, ISBN 979-10-226-1175-6; Προλετκουλτ, Οι Εκδόσεις των Συναδέλφων, Atene 2022, ISBN 978-618-5571-09-2
- ↑ "Ufo 78, Wu Ming. Giulio Einaudi editore - Stile libero Big". Einaudi (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2026.
- ↑ Wu Ming, Ufo 78, Assoziation A, Berlino/Amburgo 2023, ISBN 978-3-86241-500-7; Ufo 78, Οι Εκδόσεις των Συναδέλφων, Atene 2023, ISBN 978-618-5571-25-2; Ovni 78, Libertalia, Montreuil 2024, ISBN 978-2-37729-323-0; Ovni 78, Manifest, Barcelona 2024 (Catalan), ISBN 978-84-19719-95-9; Ovni 78, Anagrama, Barcelona 2025 (Spanish), ISBN 978-84-339-4662-1
- ↑ Daniele Giglioli, "Chiedi agli Ufo dove stiamo andando", La Lettura, 16 October 2022 (Italian).
- ↑ Ginevra Tarascio. "Gli uomini pesce, intervista a Wu Ming 1". salto.bz (in Italian). Retrieved 3 August 2026.
- ↑ For instance, this happened with the use of the Perturbante—the common Italian translation of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic concept of the Uncanny (Das Unheimliche)—as a deliberate strategy, injecting visionary, mythic, psychedelic, or supernatural elements into real, rigorously researched historical and geographical settings, cf. Rossi, Elia (8 May 2017). "Wu Ming 1: Qualcosa di nuovo nella non-fiction". La balena bianca (in Italian). Retrieved 31 August 2026.
- ↑ The novel's final section, titled "Act V", ostensibly takes the form of an essay: Wu Ming reconstructs the fates of all the real historical figures that appeared in the book, recounting what happened to them after the Thermidorian phase of the Revolution, drawing on real historical sources and documented research. Alternately, the same is done with the fictional characters, without explicitly stating that they are fictional, citing nonexistent sources and producing a strong effect of verisimilitude that prompts the reader to reconsider the hundreds of pages read up to that point. Cf. Giovenco, Francesco (15 October 2014). "Il NIE sul campo: un'analisi de L'armata dei sonnambuli". Lo specchio di carta. Osservatorio sul romanzo contemporaneo. Retrieved 7 September 2026.
In carrying out this operation, Wu Ming adopt the posture and style appropriate to the historiographical register, passing off a considerable amount of purely fictional information under the guise of historical fact... thereby creating a hybrid between fiction and nonfiction. As a result, readers... are left with the impression that the characters whose stories they have just finished reading went on to uphold their revolutionary ideals in the historical circumstances that followed. Thus, [the novel] attains a high degree of verisimilitude and humanity, extending beyond the confines of the work itself and flowing into the course of History.
- ↑ "La collana Quinto Tipo: un bilancio, un requiem e un'autocritica sul concetto di «oggetto narrativo non identificato»". Giap. Retrieved 31 August 2026.
- ↑ "Stella del mattino, Wu Ming 4. Giulio Einaudi editore - Super ET". Einaudi (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2026.
- ↑ Wu Ming 4, Estrella del alba, Acuarela & A. Machado, Madrid 2012, ISBN 978-88-06-23368-6; Etoile du matin, Métailié, Paris 2012, ISBN 978-2-86424-892-7; Lucero del alba, FCE, Ciudad del México 2022, ISBN 978-607-16-7549-1.
- ↑ "Morning Star, A Novel by Wu Ming 4. English translation, full text, downloadable". Giap (in Italian). Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ "Il sentiero degli dei - Wu Ming 2 - Feltrinelli Editore". www.feltrinellieditore.it (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2026.
- ↑ Piacentini, Paolo (7 June 2021). "Wu Ming e il successo del Sentiero degli Dei. La riscossa del cammino consapevole". La Repubblica. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ Saporito, 2024, p. 144-145.
- ↑ "Timira, Wu Ming 2, Antar Mohamed. Giulio Einaudi editore - Stile libero Big". Einaudi (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2026.
- ↑ Vincenzi, Massimo (1 June 2012). "Partigiani, esuli e ribelli, la nostra storia in una donna". La Repubblica (in Italian).
- ↑ "Timira". www.rutgersuniversitypress.org. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ Brioni S (2014). "Postcolonialismo, subalternità e New Italian Epic: Intervista con Wu Ming 1". In Deplano V, Mari L, Proglio G (eds.). Subalternità italiane. Percorsi di ricerca tra letteratura e storia (in Italian). Rome: Aracne. pp. 275–291. ISBN 978-88-548-7735-1.
Timira and Point Lenana are heterozygotic twins, although Santachiara and I... undertook an operation that was further different, addressing more directly the repressed colonial past and the relationship between conquest and Italian men's insecurities about their virility.
- ↑ "Point Lenana, Wu Ming 1, Roberto Santachiara. Giulio Einaudi editore - Stile libero Big". Einaudi (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2026.
- ↑ Giglioli, Daniele (4 May 2013). "L'arte di salire più in alto dove la vetta rende liberi". Corriere della sera (in Italian).
- ↑ Leonelli, Giuseppe (23 July 2013). "Se la nuova epica riparte dal Kenya". La Repubblica (in Italian).
- ↑ "Un viaggio che non promettiamo breve, Wu Ming 1. Giulio Einaudi editore - Stile libero Big". Einaudi (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2026.
- ↑ Fofi, Goffredo (1 December 2016). "Wu Ming 1, indagine sui no-tav della Val di Susa". Avvenire (in Italian). Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ Mercalli, Luca (4 December 2016). "Come fanno a dormire i Sì Tav?". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ Saporito, 2024, p.130
- ↑ "La macchina del vento, Wu Ming 1. Giulio Einaudi editore - Stile libero Big". Einaudi (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2026.
- ↑ Palanca, Lou (22 May 2019). "La macchina del vento". Il Mulino. Bologna. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ Giglioli, Daniele (23 June 2019). "Ermes e Atena antifascisti a Ventotene". Corriere della sera (in Italian).
- ↑ "La Q di Qomplotto: Index of the Book". Edizioni Alegre. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ Wu Ming 1. "A Few Things We Need To Throw Away If We Want To Beat Conspiracism In Our Game". Arts Of The Working Class. Retrieved 22 September 2026.
«In the work, I developed and used several concepts: conspiracy fantasies as "unintentional parodies" and "unconscious allegories" of class struggle; "conspiracy asemia" (the tendency of conspiracism to take metaphors literally); "toxic narratives" (stories that the mainstream media always tell in the same way, omitting the same elements); "diversionary narratives" (stories that prevent social contradictions from producing social conflict along the real "lines of fracture"); "ratiosuprematism" (the tendency to attribute a belief in conspiracism simply to a lack of logical thinking); "BPC", that is, Balloon- Piercer Syndrome (the debunker's 'professional illness'); "poets of conspiracy singularity" (people or groups who at a certain point trigger a rapid convergence and a new synthesis of different conspiracy fantasies (...) etc.»
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ de la Porte, Xavier (4 September 2022). "Pourquoi le complotisme est le meilleur allié de l'ordre établi". Le Nouvel Obs (in French). Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ Wu Ming 1, ''Q comme Qomplot. Comment les fantasmes de complot défendent le système'', Lux, Montréal, 2022, ISBN 978-2-89833-046-9.
- ↑ "Q comme qomplot". Lux Éditeur | maison d'édition indépendante | publication d'ouvrages à caractère critique en sciences humaines (in French). Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ "Gli uomini pesce, Wu Ming 1. Giulio Einaudi editore - Stile libero Big". Einaudi (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2026.
- ↑ "Gli uomini pesce di Wu Ming. Recensioni, commenti e podcast". Giap (in Italian). 26 December 2025. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
- ↑ Palmieri, Pasquale (6 January 2025). "Wu Ming 1 nel Delta del Po". Doppiozero (in Italian). Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ Manera, Enrico (12 December 2024). "L'eredità da scoprire". Jacobin (Italian edition) (in Italian). Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ Orsenigo, Caterina (29 May 2025). "Il paesaggio personaggio". Lucy sui mondi (in Italian). Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ "La vera storia della banda Hood - Bompiani". Bompiani Editore (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2026.
- ↑ Rialti, Edoardo (25 May 2025). "Robin Hood non esiste e la leggenda si fa cronaca" (Pdf). La Stampa / Tuttolibri (in Italian). Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ "Mensaleri, Wu Ming 2. Giulio Einaudi editore - Stile libero Big". Einaudi (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2026.
- ↑ Cangianti, Luca (10 March 2026). "Mensaleri e l'immaginario della creatura oppressa". Carmilla (in Italian). Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ Masterson, Melina A (2016). The Wu Ming Foundation: A Collective Approach to Literature, Art, and Politics in 21st Century Italy (PhD). University of Connecticut. Doctoral dissertations 1284. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- ↑ "Working Slowly in the UK", March 2005
- ↑ "The EFA Excellence Awards Winners 2020". Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
- ↑ "A noi rimane il mondo - Openddb" (in Italian). Retrieved 26 August 2026.
External links
[edit]- Official website's biographical page in English.
- A Life in Writing: Wu Ming, a profile of the collective published in The Guardian, 14 November 2009.
- An extensive and detailed interview with the Wu Ming Foundation, conducted by professor Henry Jenkins and published on his blog in two installments, Part 1 and Part 2.
- Lavorare Con Lentezza at IMDb
- In 2006 Chicago Review Archived 8 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine published two stories ("In Like Flynn" Archived 29 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine and "The Emperor's Three Hundred Woodcutters") by and an interview with Wu Ming.