Portal:Turkey

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Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 86 million people; most are ethnic Turks, while Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. Officially a secular state, Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya.

First inhabited by modern humans during the Late Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home to various ancient peoples. The Hattians were assimilated by the Hittites and other Anatolian peoples. Classical Anatolia transitioned into cultural Hellenization after Alexander the Great's conquests, and later Romanization during the Roman and Byzantine eras. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into Anatolia in the 11th century, starting the Turkification process. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into Turkish principalities. Beginning in 1299, the Ottomans united the principalities and expanded. Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) in 1453. During the reigns of Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global power. From 1789 onwards, the empire saw major changes, reforms, centralization, and rising nationalism while its territory declined.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction and in the Russian Empire resulted in large-scale loss of life and mass migration into modern-day Turkey from the Balkans, Caucasus, and Crimea. Under the control of the Three Pashas, the Ottoman Empire entered World War I in 1914, during which the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian subjects. Following Ottoman defeat, the Turkish War of Independence resulted in the abolition of the sultanate and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne. Turkey emerged as a more homogenous nation state. The Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, modelled on the reforms initiated by its founder and first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Turkey remained neutral during most of World War II, but was involved in the Korean War. Several military interventions interfered with the transition to a multi-party system.

Turkey is an upper-middle-income and emerging country; its economy is the world's 16th-largest by nominal and 11th-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP. As the 15th-largest electricity producer in the world, Turkey aims to become a hub for regional energy transportation. It is a unitary presidential republic. Turkey is a founding member of the OECD, G20, and Organization of Turkic States. With a geopolitically significant location, Turkey is a NATO member and has its second-largest military personnel. It may be recognized as an emerging, a middle, and a regional power. As an EU candidate, Turkey is part of the EU Customs Union.

Turkey has coastal plains, a high central plateau, and various mountain ranges with rising elevation eastwards. Turkey's climate is diverse, ranging from Mediterranean and other temperate climates to semi-arid and continental types. Home to three biodiversity hotspots, Turkey is prone to frequent earthquakes and is highly vulnerable to climate change. Turkey has a universal healthcare system, growing access to education, and increasing levels of innovativeness. It is a leading TV content exporter. With numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites and intangible cultural heritage inscriptions, and a rich and diverse cuisine, Turkey is the fourth most visited country in the world. (Full article...)

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Turkish art (Turkish: Türk sanatı) refers to all works of visual art originating from the geographical area of what is present day Turkey since the arrival of the Turks in the Middle Ages. Turkey also was the home of much significant art produced by earlier cultures, including the Hittites, Ancient Greeks, and Byzantines. Ottoman art is therefore the dominant element of Turkish art before the 20th century, although the Seljuks and other earlier Turks also contributed. The 16th and 17th centuries are generally recognized as the finest period for art in the Ottoman Empire, much of it associated with the huge Imperial court. In particular the long reign of Suleiman the Magnificent from 1520 to 1566 brought a combination, rare in any ruling dynasty, of political and military success with strong encouragement of the arts.

The nakkashane, as the palace workshops are now generally known, were evidently very important and productive, but though there is a fair amount of surviving documentation, much remains unclear about how they operated. They operated over many different media, but apparently not including pottery or textiles, with the craftsmen or artists apparently a mixture of slaves, especially Persians, captured in war (at least in the early periods), trained Turks, and foreign specialists. They were not necessarily physically located in the palace, and may have been able to undertake work for other clients as well as the sultan. Many specialities were passed from father to son. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Turkey-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Selimiye Mosque in Edirne (1568–1574) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 2Mount Erciyes near Kayseri (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 3The empire in 555 under Justinian the Great, at its greatest extent since the fall of the Western Roman Empire (its vassals in pink) (from History of Turkey)
Image 4Namık Kemal was a prominent Turkish poet, novelist, playwright and journalist of the late-19th-century Ottoman Empire. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 5Istanbul (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 6Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 7A view of Levent from Kanlıca across the Bosporus. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 8Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem (1847–1914) was another prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 9Elif Şafak, a prominent writer and LGBT activist. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 10A woman in traditional clothing (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 11Butterfly Valley on the Turkish Riviera. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 12Map showing the Anatolian Plate, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault in Turkey. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 13Dolmabahçe Palace in Istanbul, built by the Balyan family (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 14An oil wrestling tournament (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 15Köppen climate types of Turkey (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 16Grand Post Office in Istanbul, an example of the first national architectural movement. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 17Atatürk on the cover of the Time magazine, Vol. I No. 4, March 24, 1923. Title: "Mustapha Kemal Pasha" (from History of Turkey)
Image 18Turkish national basketball team won the silver medal in the 2010 FIBA World Championship. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 19Aziz Sancar was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 20Beaches and marina of Kemer near Antalya on the Turkish Riviera. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 21Karagöz and Hacivat are the lead characters of Turkish shadow play, popularized during the Ottoman period. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 22Visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to Turkey in October 1917. Together with the Mehmed V and Enver Pasha (from History of Turkey)
Image 23Roosevelt, İnönü and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943. (from History of Turkey)
Image 24Mount Ararat (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 25Yalıs along Sarıyer (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 26Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca was one of the most prolific Turkish poets of the Turkish Republic with more than 60 collections of his poems published, laureate of the Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath Award. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 27Entrance portal of the Karatay Madrasa in Konya (c. 1251) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 28'Two Musician Girls' of Osman Hamdi Bey. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 29Istanbul LGBT Pride 2013 at Taksim Square during Gezi Park protests (from History of Turkey)
Image 30Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom in its maximum extent under Sitalces (431-424 BC) (from History of Turkey)
Image 31Nuri Bilge Ceylan (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 32Sami Frashëri (1850–1904) and his wife Emine, May 1884. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 33Originally a church, later a mosque, and now a Grand mosque, the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul was built by the Byzantines in the 6th century. (from History of Turkey)
Image 34The sultan of the golden age, Suleiman the Magnificent. (from History of Turkey)
Image 35Hıdırellez celebrations (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 36Topkapı Palace in Seraglio Point (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 37Regions of Roman Anatolia (from History of Turkey)
Image 38View of Beydağları Coastal National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 39Turkish folk dance regions (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 40Halide Edip Adıvar was a novelist, teacher, and a nationalist and feminist intellectual. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 41A lady handweaves a carpet in Cappadocia (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 42Kitesurfers in Akyaka, Muğla (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 43Map of earthquakes in Turkey 1900–2023 (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 44Selection of Turkish food (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 45Kaçkar Mountains. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 46Mehmed II enters Constantinople by Fausto Zonaro (from History of Turkey)
Image 47Kilitbahir in Gallipoli (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 48Map showing events of the first phases of the Greco-Persian Wars (from History of Turkey)
Image 49Ankara (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 50Lake Van (from Geography of Turkey)

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... that the land of Haydarpaşa Cemetery, a burial ground in Istanbul, Turkey for British Commonwealth soldiers from three wars, belonged to Suleiman the Magnificent? (May 16, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 141
... that ten days before the ratification of the Peace of Szeged, Vladislaus, King of Hungary, swore an oath which invalidated it and all future treaties with the Ottoman Empire? (May 25, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 143
... that the mosque of Kalenderhane
(pictured) in Istanbul contained the most ancient cycle of frescoes portraying Saint Francis of Assisi still extant? (May 27, 2007)
... that the early Christian Martyrion of Saints Carpus and Papylus, which is part of the Church of Saint Menas complex in Istanbul, currently houses two shops, an iron workshop and a car wash? (October 28, 2011)
... that after the Fall of Constantinople, the Ottomans demolished the Column of Justinian to symbolize their capture of the city? (December 10, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 190
... that the Fenari Isa Mosque
(pictured) in Istanbul represents one of the first examples of edifices with a quincuncial plan in Byzantine architecture? (March 17, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 128
... that Yavuz Yapıcıoğlu, nicknamed the "Screwdriver Killer", is the serial killer with the highest known victim count in Turkey? (March 22, 2014)

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Image 1Kemer
Image 2The Temple of Athena at Priene, an ancient site near Turunçlar in Aydın province.
Image 3Atatürk praying
Image 4Tünel, Istanbul
Image 5Cappadocia
Image 6Lahmacun
Image 7Safranbolu
Image 8Aydilge Sarp; Turkish singer, songwriter and novelist
Image 91. picture on portal: The prominent towers of Dayro d-Mor Gabriel; 15th December 2005
Image 10Tarkan with Hungarian fans
Image 11the Bosphorus Bridge
Image 1218th-century Ottoman barber's apron
Image 13Antalya
Image 14A faculty of Sakarya University
Image 15Iznik, 16th-century vase
Image 16The tughra of Mahmud II. "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious").
Image 17The sun setting over the Golden Horn in the city of Istanbul.
Image 18Lake Akdoğan in Muş
Image 19the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne
Image 20Mount Nemrut
Image 21A tram in Istanbul
Image 22Flag of Turkey, from flowers
Image 23Rize
Image 24The ancient Lake Abant Nature Park in Bolu
Image 25An airplane with a nazar boncuğu symbol that is said to offer protection from the "evil eye".
Image 26Ölüdeniz
Image 27A Kocek

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Derviş in 2006

Kemal Derviş (Turkish pronunciation: [keˈmal dɛɾviʃ]; 10 January 1949 – 8 May 2023) was a Turkish economist and politician who was head of the United Nations Development Programme. He was honored by the government of Japan for having "contributed to mainstreaming Japan's development assistance policy through the United Nations". In 2005, he was ranked 67th in the Top 100 Public Intellectuals Poll conducted by Prospect and Foreign Policy magazines. He was vice president and director of the global economy and development program at the Brookings Institution and part-time professor of international economics at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva.

In March 2015, Derviş agreed to become the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey responsible for the economy in a cabinet led by Republican People's Party (CHP) leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu should his party form the government after the general election to be held in June. He declined to become a Member of Parliament however, stating that he would prefer to participate in the cabinet from outside the Parliament. (Full article...)

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Paragliding in Ölüdeniz area, Muğla

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Videos from Turkey on Wikimedia Commons

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“

Today the Soviet Union is a friend and an ally. We need this friendship. However, no one can know what will happen tomorrow. Just like the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires it may tear itself apart or shrink in size. The people that it holds so tightly in its grip may one day slip away. The world may see a new balance of power. It is then that Turkey must know what to do. Ally Soviets have under their control our brothers with whom we share language, beliefs and roots. We must be prepared to embrace them. Being ready does not mean that we will sit quietly and wait. We must get ready. How does a people get prepared for such an endeavour? By strengthening the natural bridges that exist between us. Language is a bridge... Religion is a bridge... History is a bridge... We must delve into our roots and reconstruct what history has divided. We can't wait for them to approach us. We must reach out to them.

”

29 October 1933 ~ Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

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Turkish proverbs in Wikiquote

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Recognized content

	Alanya, Byzantine Empire, SMS Goeben, The Turk, List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Istanbul, Italian War of 1521–1526, Italian War of 1542–1546, List of battleships of the Ottoman Empire, Rhodes blood libel
	2004 Istanbul summit, 2008 Turkish Grand Prix, Battle of Manzikert, Battle of Marash, Battle of Vaslui, Church of St. Polyeuctus, First Crusade, Great Zab, Hood event, Limyra Bridge, Siege of Szigetvár, Night Attack at Târgoviște, Third Perso-Turkic War, Walls of Constantinople, Gallipoli Campaign, Battle of Lone Pine