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Profile image for Marika Konings

Marika Konings

Belgium

VP, New gTLD Program Lead

Staff
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Jill Ladwig

United States of America

Writer

Staff
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Breda Lund

United States of America

Editorial Supervisor

Staff
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JeNelle Haugen

United States of America

Quality Analyst Trainer

Staff
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David Prangnell

United States of America

Staff Software Engineer - Platforms

Staff
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Shannon Poon

United States of America

HRIS Senior Manager

Staff
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Berry Cobb

United States of America

Senior Program Manager, Policy Development Support

Staff
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Odeline MacDonald

Belgium

Associate General Counsel, European Data Protection

Staff
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Maritza Alarcon

United States of America

Operations Specialist

Staff
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Daniel Ramcharan

United States of America

Manager, Service Delivery

Staff
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Brian Villaroman

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Specialist

Staff
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David Tobias

United States of America

Assistant Manager, Communications

Staff
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Jim Cook

United States of America

Technical Lead, Software Engineering

Staff
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Eduardo Corzo

United States of America

Sr. Infrastructure Engineer 1

Staff
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Gökhan Pamukçu

Türkiye, Republic of

Contractual Compliance Analyst

Staff
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Thomas Jones

United States of America

Senior Information Security Engineer 2

Staff
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Janelle McAlister

United States of America

Strategic Initiatives Senior Program Manager

Staff
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DeAnn Ford

United States of America

Global Support Analyst I

Staff
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Ely Bouganim

United States of America

Sr Product Manager 1

Staff
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Andy Newton

United States of America

GDS Technical Services Principal Engineer

Staff
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Joanna Toh

Singapore

Contractual Compliance Specialist

Staff
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Arnt Gulbrandsen

Germany

UA Technology Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for Désirée Van Dyk

Désirée Van Dyk

Belgium

Executive Assistant

Staff
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Mustafa Alrifaee

Sweden

GDS Technical Services Senior Operations Engineer

Staff
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Rafiq Batcha

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager 2

Staff
Profile image for Danniel To

Danniel To

United States of America

Global Support Analyst I

Staff
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Daniela Chomikova

Belgium

Implementation Operations Assistant Manager

Staff
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Marli McElroy

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager 2

Staff
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Alfonso Wongvalle

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager 2

Staff
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Gary Turchan

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager 2

Staff
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Raj Sripada

United States of America

Director, IT-Internal Applications

Staff
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Sherry Asaad

United States of America

Executive Assistant

Staff
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Boris Perelshteyn

United States of America

Staff Software Engineer, QA Automation

Staff
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Min Shi

United States of America

Sr. Software Engineer 2

Staff
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Neelam Kumar

United States of America

Project Manager II

Staff
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Shayna Robinson

United States of America

Grant Program Director

Staff
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Sweta Chalasani

United States of America

Staff Software Engineer

Staff
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Steve Fessler

United States of America

Treasury Director

Staff
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Gavin Brown

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Technical Services Principal Engineer

Staff
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Angela Wibawa

Singapore

Government and IGO Engagement Director, APAC

Staff
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Eduardo Duarte

Portugal

Technical Services Principal Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Tracy Dallarda

Tracy Dallarda

United States of America

VP, Communications

Staff
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Michelle DeSmyter

United States of America

Policy Operations Coordinator

Staff
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Reda Josifi

United States of America

Project Manager I

Staff
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Nadya Khan

United States of America

Operations Specialist

Staff
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Jason Kean

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Reviews and Stakeholder Support

Staff
Profile image for Alireza Mohammadi

Alireza Mohammadi

United States of America

Lead Software Engineer

Staff
Profile image for David Dong

David Dong

United States of America

IANA Services Sr. Specialist

Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."