Class and Instance Attributes in Python
Class attributes
Class attributes belong to the class itself they will be shared by all the instances. Such attributes are defined in the class body parts usually at the top, for legibility.
# Write Python code here class sampleclass: count = 0 # class attribute def increase(self): sampleclass.count += 1 # Calling increase() on an object s1 = sampleclass() s1.increase() print(s1.count) # Calling increase on one more # object s2 = sampleclass() s2.increase() print(s2.count) print(sampleclass.count) |
Output:
1 2 2
Instance Attributes
Unlike class attributes, instance attributes are not shared by objects. Every object has its own copy of the instance attribute (In case of class attributes all object refer to single copy).
To list the attributes of an instance/object, we have two functions:-
1. vars()– This function displays the attribute of an instance in the form of an dictionary.
2. dir()– This function displays more attributes than vars function,as it is not limited to instance. It displays the class attributes as well. It also displays the attributes of its ancestor classes.
# Python program to demonstrate # instance attributes. class emp: def __init__(self): self.name = 'xyz' self.salary = 4000 def show(self): print(self.name) print(self.salary) e1 = emp() print("Dictionary form :", vars(e1)) print(dir(e1)) |
Output :
Dictionary form :{'salary': 4000, 'name': 'xyz'}
['__doc__', '__init__', '__module__', 'name', 'salary', 'show']
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