The genetical theory of natural selection

adaptation animals appears argument ascribed Batesian beneficial biological birth-rate blending inheritance butterflies causes cent chance Chapter character civilized coefficient condition confined consequence Darwin decrease defined definite differential difficulty difierent direction disadvantage dominance economic effect efiect environment equal equilibrium established evidence evolution evolutionary change existence extinction fact factors families favourable female fertility feticide find first fitness frequency gametes gene ratio genetic variance genotypes heritable heterozygote heterozygous homozygotes homozygous human important increase infanticide influence inheritance larvae least less males Malthusian parameter marriage mate measurement Mendelian meristic Miillerian mimetic mimic mimicry modification mutant gene mutation rate Natural Selection number of children observed occur offspring organisms parents population possible probability produce progress proportion qualities race recessive reproductive value resemblance respect selective advantage sexual preference sexual selection significance social class social promotion society species specific statistical sufficiently survival tend tendency theory tion variability variation vertebra wild