Wikipedia:Today's featured article/October 2026

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October 1

Independence Day is an annual public holiday in Nigeria observed on 1 October to commemorate the country's independence from the United Kingdom. The formal transfer of sovereignty took place in Lagos in 1960 when the Union Jack was lowered and replaced with Nigeria's green–white–green flag (pictured). Princess Alexandra of Kent, representing Queen Elizabeth II, presented the constitutional instruments of independence, and the new Nigerian federal government formally assumed authority. Independence Day is a key date in the country's civic calendar: the president of Nigeria delivers a national broadcast, and state governments organise parades and cultural programmes. The anniversary has occasionally been marked by national incidents, such as the suspension of festivities following the 1992 Nigerian Air Force C-130 crash and the October 2010 Abuja bombings. The holiday is legally recognised under the Public Holidays Act 1979, which designates 1 October as Nigeria's national day. (Full article...)

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October 2

SMS Kaiser

The Kaiser class was a German ship class that were built in Germany prior to World War I and served in the Kaiserliche Marine. They were the third class of German dreadnoughts, and the first to feature turbine engines and superfiring turrets. The five ships were Kaiser (pictured), Friedrich der Grosse, Kaiserin, Prinzregent Luitpold, and König Albert. All five ships saw action in the North Sea during war; they served together as VI Division of III Battle Squadron. Four were present during the Battle of Jutland. The ships also took part in Operation Albion in the Baltic Sea; during the operation, they were reorganized as IV Battle Squadron, under the command of Vice Admiral Wilhelm Souchon. At the end of the war, all five ships were interned at the British naval base in Scapa Flow. On 21 June 1919, they were scuttled to prevent their seizure by the Royal Navy. The ships were subsequently raised and broken up for scrap between 1929 and 1937. (This article is part of a featured topic: Battleships of Germany.)

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October 3

Kelis

"Blindfold Me" is a hip-hop song by American singer Kelis (pictured) from her fourth studio album, Kelis Was Here. The song was written and produced by Sean Garrett and Polow da Don. A remix, featuring American rapper Nas, was released as the album's second single in the United States on October 3, 2006. The song's lyrics focus on erotic talk. Music critics associated the track's style with pop rap and club music. "Blindfold Me" received a mixed response; some critics cited it as a highlight from Kelis Was Here, and others criticized its placement on the album's track listing as resulting in a jarring tonal shift. Marc Klasfeld directed the song's music video, which features Nas tying up Kelis. Premiering on September 6, 2006, the video was shown on an episode of the documentary series Access Granted alongside a behind-the-scenes feature. The song was further promoted with a twelve-inch single, released on October 3, 2006. The song peaked at number 91 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. (Full article...)

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October 4

The Pennsylvania State Capitol is located in Harrisburg. The building was designed by Joseph Miller Huston and completed in 1906 in a Beaux-Arts style with decorative Renaissance themes. It houses the legislative chambers for the Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Harrisburg chambers for the Supreme Court and Superior Court of Pennsylvania, and the offices of the state's governor and lieutenant governor. The capitol project was the subject of a graft scandal, as the construction and furnishing cost three times more than the General Assembly had appropriated for the project. The Pennsylvania State Capitol is often referred to as a "palace of art" because of its many sculptures, murals, and stained-glass windows, most of which are Pennsylvania-themed or were made in Pennsylvania. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006. (Full article...)

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October 5

The white-headed fruit dove (Ptilinopus eugeniae) is a species of bird in the pigeon family, Columbidae. It was described by John Gould in 1856, and the specific name eugeniae honours Eugénie de Montijo. Adults of the species have white heads, a purplish-red breast patch, a grey shoulder patch, olive-green upperparts, greenish underparts with a blue tinge, and a yellowish vent. Juveniles have green heads with the white restricted to the forehead and upper throat, a much smaller grey shoulder patch, and the red breast patch restricted to the centre of the breast. The species is endemic to Makira and the nearby islands of Ugi and Malaupaina in the Solomon Islands. It inhabits lowland, hill, and ridge forest, along with neighbouring agricultural areas, and is especially common in foothills. Its diet consists of small-seeded fruits and berries. The IUCN considers it a least-concern species. Although it can adapt to disturbed habitat, it is threatened by deforestation and habitat loss. (Full article...)

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October 6

2nd Duke of Richmond

The early history of cricket began with a children's game in southeast England, possibly traced to Flemish immigrants to that area. The earliest definite reference to cricket is dated 17 January 1597 (Old Style) in a deposition in a legal case regarding the usage of a parcel of land. Around that time, it evolved into an adults' game, and there are many references to it in the 17th century. The earliest-known "big match" was played in Sussex in 1697, when the sport was already acquiring wealthy and influential patrons such as Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond (pictured). They hired the first professional players, and matches were played for high stakes to satisfy gambling interests. During the first quarter of the 18th century, cricket became the foremost sport in England's southeastern counties. By 1725, it was increasingly widespread and became the country's national summer sport. Meanwhile, overseas trade had taken it to both India and North America. (Full article...)

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October 7

Nintendo 3DS, for which the game was published

Mario Party: Star Rush is a party video game developed by NDcube and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS (pictured) in 2016. The game deviates from the turn-based gameplay present throughout the Mario Party series and the car-based gameplay introduced in Mario Party 9, with players rolling dice and moving simultaneously on non-linear, grid-like game boards. Gameplay revolves around multiplayer game modes, including a main mode in which up to four playable characters compete in a board game featuring various minigames, sharing the objective of obtaining the most stars. The game sold more than 88,000 copies and received mixed reviews; some critics praised the series's new direction and the removal of the car-oriented gameplay featured in Mario Party 9 and Mario Party 10, while criticism was directed toward the repetitive game modes and the lack of game boards and minigames. Star Rush was followed by Mario Party: The Top 100, a 2017 minigame compilation for the 3DS. (Full article...)

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October 8

Brian Vickers

The 2006 UAW-Ford 500 was an American stock car racing competition. Held on October 8 at Talladega Superspeedway, it was the 30th race in the 2006 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series and the fourth in the ten-race, season-ending Chase for the Nextel Cup. Brian Vickers (pictured) of Hendrick Motorsports won the first race of his career; Kasey Kahne finished second, and Kurt Busch came in third. David Gilliland, who had the pole position, was passed by teammate Dale Jarrett. The race lead changed 63 times, with Dale Earnhardt Jr. leading for the most laps (37). On the final lap, Jimmie Johnson and Vickers made a move to pass Earnhardt; Vickers clipped Johnson, then Johnson clipped Earnhardt, and both were knocked into the infield. The race was halted, giving Vickers the win; he was later criticized for hurting his teammate Johnson in the points standings. After the race, Jeff Burton maintained his Drivers' Championship points lead, while Chevrolet maintained its lead in the Manufacturers' Championship. (Full article...)

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October 9

Ian Fleming

The Man with the Golden Gun was written by Ian Fleming (pictured) and is the final novel in the James Bond series. It was published by Jonathan Cape in the United Kingdom on 1 April 1965, eight months after the author's death. The story centres on the fictional British Secret Service operative James Bond, who returns to Britain via the Soviet Union, where he had been brainwashed. After being de-programmed, Bond goes to the Caribbean to kill Francisco Scaramanga, the titular "Man with the Golden Gun". The first draft and part of the editing process were completed before Fleming's death; the level of detail from previous novels was missing, as this was often added by Fleming in the second draft. The novel was serialised in 1965 and a daily comic strip adaptation was published the following year. In 1974, the book was adapted as the ninth film in Eon Productions' James Bond series. (This article is part of a featured topic: Ian Fleming's James Bond novels and short stories.)

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October 10

Fridtjof Nansen (10 October 1861 – 13 May 1930) was a Norwegian explorer, scientist, diplomat and humanitarian. His research on the central nervous system of lower marine creatures helped establish modern theories of neurology. In 1888, he led the first crossing of the interior of Greenland, and obtained international fame for reaching a latitude of 86°14′ during his 1893–1896 North Pole expedition. His main scientific interest then switched to oceanography, where he contributed to the development of oceanographic techniques and equipment. In 1905, he helped to persuade Prince Charles of Denmark to accept the throne of Norway, and Nansen served as the Norwegian representative in London. He was awarded the 1922 Nobel Peace Prize for his work on behalf of displaced victims of conflict. After his death, the League of Nations established the Nansen International Office for Refugees to ensure that his work continued. His name is commemorated in geographical features, particularly in the polar regions. (Full article...)

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October 11

Userkare's cartouche

Userkare was the second king of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, reigning in the late 24th or early 23rd century BC. He is not mentioned in the tomb inscriptions of Egyptian officials who lived during his reign. Some representations of high officials of the period were chiselled out in their tombs; Egyptologists suspect his successor Pepi I may have tried to erase mentions of Userkare. Egyptologists consider Userkare a usurper to the throne, a legitimate ruler, a younger brother to Pepi I, or a regent who ruled during Pepi I's childhood. The identity of Userkare's parents depends on his legitimacy to the throne: if he was, he could have been a son of Teti and one of his queens. If a usurper, he could be a descendant of a cadet branch of the preceding Fifth Dynasty. Userkare's tomb has not been identified, either because it was not finished or because Pepi I erased traces of his rule. If the tomb was started, Egyptologists conjecture that it would be located in South Saqqara. (Full article...)

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October 12

Poecilia vandepolli is a poeciliid fish native to Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao. It is one of the most common fish in its range, inhabiting fresh, brackish, salt, and hypersaline waters such as streams, ponds, bays, salt pans, and lagoons. It is variable in size and color, with males ranging from 2.6 to 5.3 cm (1.0 to 2.1 in) and females from 3.2 to 9.6 cm (1.3 to 3.8 in), and coloration varying from grayish-brown to yellow or orange. Marine fish are generally larger, stronger, and more colorful than freshwater specimens. Males' ability to develop an intense orange coloration makes the species attractive to aquarists. Forming shoals near the surface, it feeds on algae, detritus, and aquatic invertebrates, and is preyed on by other fish and birds. Females produce live fry; successful reproduction depends on shelter availability for fry. The species is drawn to freshwater habitats, which disappear each dry season, killing freshwater populations; these habitats are recolonized from the sea when the rains return. (Full article...)

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October 13

Sarah Goodridge

Beauty Revealed is an 1828 self-portrait watercolor by the American artist Sarah Goodridge (pictured). Depicting Goodridge's bared breasts surrounded by white cloth, the portrait miniature is painted on a piece of ivory. It was originally backed with paper and is now in a modern frame. Goodridge presented the breasts as youthful and individualized, employing a frontal view that showed the area from the collarbone to just underneath the breasts. She gave the portrait to statesman Daniel Webster, who was a frequent subject and possible lover, following the death of his wife; she may have intended to provoke him into marrying her. Although Webster married someone else, his family held onto the portrait until the 1980s, when it was auctioned at Christie's and purchased by Gloria and Richard Manney. The painting was acquired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2006. It has been read as a work of erotica, as well as an expression of Goodridge's confident sexuality. (Full article...)

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October 14

Map of RAAF area commands in 1944

The RAAF area commands were the major operational and administrative formations of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) between 1940 and 1954. Early in World War II, in 1940 and 1941, they oversaw most of the operations, training and maintenance within their boundaries. Following the outbreak of the Pacific War the area structure was revised to give a total of five commands, with two functional groups assuming the maintenance role. The area commands focussed on operations until the end of hostilities. A new area command covering RAAF units in New Guinea existed from 1944 to 1947. By the early 1950s, the area command structure was no longer considered appropriate, and in 1953 it was re-formed as Home Command (controlling operations), Training Command, and Maintenance Command. The area commands ceded their authority to these functional commands in 1954, and were disbanded by the end of 1956. (This article is part of a featured topic: RAAF area commands.)

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October 15

Adele in 2016

"Easy on Me" is a song by English singer Adele from her fourth studio album, 30 (2021). Adele wrote the song with its producer, Greg Kurstin. Columbia Records released it as the album's lead single on 15 October 2021. A torch ballad, "Easy on Me" places emphasis on Adele's vocals over piano instrumentation. In the song, she addresses her divorce and pleads for forgiveness and understanding. It received positive reviews from music critics, who praised her vocals and the lyrics. "Easy on Me" won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance and the Brit Award for Song of the Year. The song reached number one on the charts in several countries. Xavier Dolan directed the music video, which references previous Adele videos and depicts her moving out of the house featured in the "Hello" music video. She performed it at the NRJ Music Awards, on her television specials, and at the concert residency Weekends with Adele. Many artists sang cover versions of it. (This article is part of a featured topic: 30 (album).)

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October 16

Ewuare was the twelfth Oba of the Kingdom of Benin. Edo traditions connect his birth and youth with the Ekoko n'Utẹ, a palace masquerade performance involving masked dancers, and with the market woman Emotan and conflicts involving the Ogiamiẹn lineage. Ewuare rebuilt and enlarged the Benin capital, extended its walls and ditches, and reorganised the kingdom's government. He strengthened offices directly connected to the Oba and introduced lineal succession. Benin tradition attributes many military campaigns to Ewuare, through which neighbouring communities and kingdoms were brought into tributary relations with Benin. His rule is also remembered in connection with the Igue festival, coral-bead regalia, and religious traditions concerning Olokun and Osanobua. Accounts of Benin art link him with carving, music, and changes in the relative standing of craft guilds. He remains significant in Edo oral tradition, court ceremony, and historical writing. (Full article...)

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October 17

Brennus was the first pre-dreadnought battleship built for the French Navy. Launched on 17 October 1891, she was an ironclad battleship with a main battery of heavy guns mounted on the centerline and the first use of Belleville boilers. She formed the basis for subsequent designs, beginning with Charles Martel. As completed in 1893, the ship was very top-heavy and had to be rebuilt over the next three years before she was ready to enter service. Brennus spent the majority of her service in the Mediterranean Squadron and she served as its flagship early in her career. As newer battleships were commissioned into the fleet, Brennus was relegated to the Reserve Squadron in the early 1900s and then served as a training ship. The ship was decommissioned before the First World War began in August 1914 and disarmed in 1915. She served as a source of spare parts and equipment for other ships during the war. Her hulk was stricken from the naval register in 1919 and was scrapped three years later. (Full article...)

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October 18

The Demi-Virgin is a play written by Avery Hopwood (pictured). Producer A. H. Woods staged it on Broadway; it premiered on October 18, 1921, and was one of the most successful plays of the season. The play is a bedroom farce about former couple Gloria Graham and Wally Deane, both movie actors, whose marriage was so brief that the press speculated about Gloria's virginity. Because it contained suggestive dialog and the female cast wore revealing clothes, the production was considered highly risqué at the time. The script alluded to a contemporary scandal involving actor Roscoe Arbuckle. Reviewers panned the play as unfunny and vulgar. A magistrate ruled the play was obscene, and obscenity charges were brought against Woods, but a grand jury declined to indict him. Woods promoted the controversy to increase ticket sales. The play had no long-term literary impact and was never published, but it stimulated arguments over censorship of theatrical performances. (Full article...)

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October 19

The Satrapy of Cappadocia (dark red) c. 500 BC

The ancient Cappadocian language is an unattested language once spoken in antiquity in Cappadocia, a historical region of central Anatolia in modern-day Turkey (map pictured). There are no known texts written in Cappadocian, although classical Greek writers identified Cappadocian as distinct from Greek, and a few Greek words were attributed to a Cappadocian origin. The language also influenced the pronunciation of Greek spoken by Cappadocians, whose accent was infamous among classical authors. Although Cappadocian does not have a secure linguistic classification, it likely belonged to the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European languages, probably as a relative or descendant of Luwian. Prior to the modern understanding of Anatolian languages in the twentieth century, Cappadocian was variously considered part of the Semitic family, part of other known branches of Indo-European, or part of an Anatolian language family unrelated to any other known languages. (Full article...)

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October 20

The London Monster (left)

The London Monster was the name given to an attacker of women in London between 1788 and 1790. The Monster's modus operandi was to verbally abuse women with lewd and suggestive comments, then attack them with a knife. The philanthropist John Julius Angerstein arranged a reward of 100 guineas (equivalent to £13,000 in 2025) for the capture and conviction of the Monster. Over 30 men were taken to Bow Street Magistrates' Court with their accusers hoping to claim the reward; all were released. Renwick Williams was arrested when one of the attacked women claimed to recognise him as the attacker. He was found guilty, despite having an alibi for at least one of the attacks. There is doubt among some historians whether he was the attacker as no hard or forensic evidence was ever found. It is likely that copycat attacks took place, particularly as some of the assaults were recorded as being committed by a group of men. (Full article...)

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October 21

Half-length official portrait

The Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, reigning from 1368 to 1398. Born into a peasant family in Anhui, Zhu Yuanzhang grew up amid famine, epidemics, and unrest under the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. Orphaned at 16, he briefly lived as a novice monk before joining the Red Turban rebels in 1352. Rising rapidly, he captured Nanjing in 1356, established a regional regime, and defeated rival rebels. In 1368, he proclaimed the Ming dynasty, adopted the era name Hongwu, and expelled the Yuan from China proper. During his 30-year reign, he restored stability after decades of war, strengthened state institutions, promoted agriculture, and maintained a disciplined army while seeking to limit civilian suffering. He died in 1398 and was succeeded by his grandson, the Jianwen Emperor, who was overthrown in 1402 by Zhu Di, later known as the Yongle Emperor. (Full article...)

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October 22

In the 1986–87 Gillingham F.C. season, Gillingham F.C. competed in the Football League Third Division. The team was at the top of the Third Division table shortly before the mid-point of the season; the team's form declined in the second half of the season and they finished in fifth place, qualifying for the play-offs. Gillingham faced Swindon Town in the final, where, after drawing a tie in the first game, lost 2–0 in the replay. Gillingham reached the third round of the FA Cup, the second round of the Football League Cup, and the southern section semi-finals of the Associate Members' Cup. The team played 63 competitive matches, winning 31, drawing 12 and losing 20. Tony Cascarino was the club's leading goalscorer, with 30 goals in all competitions. Howard Pritchard and Paul Haylock made the most appearances; both played in 62 matches. The highest attendance recorded at the club's home ground, Priestfield Stadium (pictured), was 16,775, for the home leg of the play-off final. (Full article...)

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October 23

Depiction of Thugs about to strangle a traveller, c. 1837

Thuggee was a phenomenon of highway robbery in the Indian subcontinent that saw gangs of Thugs murder and rob travellers, often by strangling. During the British colonial era, thuggee came to be represented and popularised as a secret pan-Indian fraternity of ritual stranglers with ancient origins, motivated by fanaticism and bloodlust. In the 1830s, colonial administrator William Henry Sleeman led a policing campaign against thuggee, supported by legal developments that facilitated convictions. The success of the 1839 novel Confessions of a Thug inspired a number of depictions in literature and film, among them Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984). Historians have since revised the 19th-century portrayal, generally viewing the Thugs as more or less ordinary criminals, or thuggee as a type of banditry. There is a general consensus among contemporary historians against the colonial-era representation. (Full article...)

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October 24

Present-day view of the battlefield

The Battle of Schliengen took place on 24 October 1796 between the French Army of the Rhine and Moselle and the and the Austrian army near the village of Schliengen during the War of the First Coalition. Control of the area gave either combatant access to southwestern German states and Rhine crossings. On 20 October the French army under Jean-Victor Moreau retreated from Freiburg im Breisgau and established his army along a ridge of hills. The Austrian army led by Archduke Charles attacked the French flanks directly, and in force, which increased casualties for both sides. The French withdrew from the battlefield in good order and several days later crossed the Rhine River at Huningue. Confusion in Vienna wasted any strategic advantage that Charles might have obtained and locked the Habsburg force into two sieges on the Rhine, when the troops were badly needed in northern Italy. The battle is commemorated on a monument in Vienna and on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. (Full article...)

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October 25

The Kinks were an English rock band formed in London in 1962. Their original line-up comprised brothers Ray Davies and Dave Davies, Pete Quaife and Mick Avory. Emerging during the height of British rhythm and blues and Merseybeat, their breakthrough third single, the Ray Davies-penned "You Really Got Me" (1964), became an international hit, topping the charts in the United Kingdom and reaching the Top 10 in the United States. They were part of the British Invasion until their 1965 American tour led to them being banned from touring there for a number of years. The Kinks are regarded as one of the most influential rock bands of the 1960s. They had seventeen Top 20 singles and five Top 10 albums in the UK, and five singles reached the Top 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100. The band has sold over 50 million records worldwide. In 1990, the original four members of the Kinks were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as well as the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. (Full article...)

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October 26

Cover of the first issue, 1914

Eyebrow Talk was a Chinese monthly literary magazine published in 18 issues from 1914 to 1916. Among the first Chinese literary magazines marketed towards women, and the first to be edited mainly by women, it was founded by Gao Jianhua and Xu Xiaotian, her husband and cousin. The magazine often ran romance stories aimed at women, but contained sexually explicit depictions of women in its advertising, covers, and pictures, some sourced from European erotic postcards. Unlike its contemporaries, Eyebrow Talk's romances often centered on the desires of their female protagonists, frequently including love triangles between the protagonists and multiple men. Its libertine content ran afoul with a government advisory committee, who unanimously voted to ban it in 1916, making it the first Chinese magazine to be banned under obscenity charges. Its association with lowbrow "Mandarin Duck and Butterfly" fiction prevented scholarly research for much of the 20th century. (Full article...)

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October 27

Mookie Wilson's two-run at-bat in the tenth inning won Game 6 of the 1986 World Series for the Mets.

The 1986 New York Mets season began on April 8, 1986. It concluded on October 27 with a Mets victory in Game 7 of the 1986 World Series, for their second and most recent World Series title. The Mets had narrowly missed winning the NL East in 1985, but in 1986 were not seriously challenged, winning the division by 21½ games. They defeated the Houston Astros in six games in the NLCS, with the Mets erasing a three run ninth-inning deficit and winning Game 6 in sixteen innings. They played the Boston Red Sox in the World Series, and in Game 6 of that series, trailing three games to two, rallied from two runs down with two outs and none on base in the tenth inning. They won that game on an error by Bill Buckner, winning Game 7 two days later. The 1986 Mets have been described as one of the best teams in MLB history, but their failure to sustain their success has marred the team's legacy. Many team members drank heavily and the 1986 Mets became known for their lifestyle off the field. (Full article...)

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October 28

1865 drawing of Price's Raid

The Second Battle of Newtonia was fought on October 28, 1864, near Newtonia, Missouri, between cavalry of the Union Army and the rear guard of the Confederate Army of Missouri. In September 1864, the Confederates launched Price's Raid, an attempt to create a popular uprising against Union control of Missouri. After being forced to retreat, the Confederates halted to rest near Newtonia. On the afternoon of the 28th, Union pursuers caught up and surprised the Confederates. The main Confederate army withdrew, leaving a rear guard under Brigadier General Joseph O. Shelby. Shelby initially had a numerical advantage, and used it to outflank Blunt's shorter line. Blunt was considering a retreat shortly before sundown when reinforcements arrived in the form of Brigadier General John B. Sanborn and his brigade. Sanborn joined Blunt's line, and the Union troops counterattacked. Shelby ordered a retreat and was not pursued until October 30. Modern historians credit the Union with a victory at Newtonia. (Full article...)

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October 29

Chimacum Creek is a stream in Jefferson County, Washington, United States. Located on the base of the Quimper Peninsula, the main stem originates from springs and ponds in the forested hills south of Discovery Bay. It flows south from its source, then turns east, then north, taking in tributaries before entering Chimacum Valley. It enters a ravine where it meets the sea in Port Hadlock-Irondale, creating a small estuary and an area of intertidal wetland as it enters Port Townsend Bay. The topography of the watershed was shaped by the Cordilleran ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum, which deposited large amounts of glacial outwash and sedimentary material. The area was the traditional lands of the Chemakum people, who were devastated by disease and massacres before the 1850s. The watershed was dredged and channelized during the early 20th century, turning the creek into a relatively straight channel. Environmental restoration projects help protect the spawning runs of coho salmon. (Full article...)

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October 30

John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was a Founding Father of the United States, a leader of the American Revolution, and the second U.S. president. He was a Province of Massachusetts Bay delegate to the Second Continental Congress and the leading advocate for American independence from Britain. After seconding the Lee Resolution, Adams served on the Committee of Five which drafted the United States Declaration of Independence. A dedicated diarist, Adams corresponded with his wife Abigail during this time, recording historical information on the era. In 1783 Adams was part of the American delegation that negotiated the Treaty of Paris, which formally ended the American Revolutionary War. Adams was the primary author of the 1780 Massachusetts Constitution, which influenced the 1789 United States Constitution, and he became the new nation's first vice president and second president. After his presidency, Adams returned to Peacefield, his Massachusetts home and farm. (Full article...)

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October 31

Adam West

Zombie Nightmare is a zombie film starring Adam West (pictured), Jon Mikl Thor, and Tia Carrere. The film centres around a baseball player killed by a group of teenagers, then resurrected as a zombie by a Haitian Vodou priestess. The zombie kills the teens, whose deaths are investigated by the police. The film was written to star mostly black actors but, at the request of investors, the characters' names were changed to more typically white names. While Jack Bravman was credited as director, John Fasano directed most of the film, causing problems with the production crew, who believed Fasano was the assistant director and ignored his directions. Zombie Nightmare was released direct-to-video by New World Video. It grossed C$1.5 million against a budget of $180,000. It received negative reviews from critics, but was praised for its heavy metal soundtrack featuring Motörhead, Girlschool, and Thor. Zombie Nightmare was shown in a 1994 episode of the television series Mystery Science Theater 3000. (Full article...)

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