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The Precambrian ( /priˈkæmbri.ən, -ˈkeɪm-/ pree-KAM-bree-ən, -⁠KAYM-; pre-Cambrian, or Cryptozoic, sometimes abbreviated pꞒ or PreꞒ) is the earliest part...

The Ordovician (/ɔːrdəˈvɪʃi.ən, -doʊ-, -ˈvɪʃən/ or-də-VISH-ee-ən, -⁠doh-, -⁠VISH-ən) is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the...

The Last Glacial Period (LGP), also known as the last glacial cycle, occurred from the end of the Last Interglacial to the beginning of the Holocene, from...

The Paris Agreement (also called the Paris Accords or Paris Climate Accords) is an international treaty on climate change that was signed in 2016. The...

Particulate matter (PM) or particulates are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air. The combination of particulates and air...

The Richter scale (/ˈrɪktər/), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, is a measure of the...

Sardines Sardine and pilchard are common names for various species of small, oily forage fish in the herring suborder Clupeoidei. The term "sardine" was...

Food security is the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, healthy food. The availability of food for people of any class...

Wilderness or wildlands (usually in the plural) are Earth's natural environments that have not been significantly modified by human activity, or any nonurbanized...

Cargill, Incorporated is an American multinational corporation that trades, purchases and distributes grain and other agricultural commodities, such as...

A subsidy, subvention or government incentive is a type of government expenditure which redistributes from tax payers to individuals, households, or businesses...

Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle bred for the purpose of producing large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made. Dairy...

Agnatha (/ˈæɡnəθə, æɡˈneɪθə/; from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)  'without' and γνάθος (gnáthos)  'jaws') or jawless fish is a paraphyletic infraphylum of animals...

While crime in Antarctica is relatively rare, isolation and boredom may affect some people negatively and may lead to crime. Alcoholism is a known problem...

Ammonitida, or true ammonites, are an order of ammonoid cephalopods that lived from the Jurassic through the end of the Cretaceous, commonly with intricate...

Dead zones are hypoxic (low-oxygen) areas in the world's oceans and large lakes. Hypoxia occurs when dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration falls to or below...

A seawall (or sea wall) is a form of coastal defense constructed where the sea, and associated coastal processes, impact directly upon the landforms of...

A sustainable food system is a type of food system that provides healthy food to people and creates sustainable environmental, economic, and social systems...

The 2021 Pacific typhoon season was the second consecutive season to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-two named storms, and was...

Building insulation is material used in a building (specifically the building envelope) to reduce the flow of thermal energy. While the majority of insulation...